Analysis of Professional Development Plan Essay

The definition of professional development varies in school districts and educators agree that the term is ever changing and involves the use of technology. Some educators have said that the term has an operational definition. In the article, key design factors in durable instructional technology professional development, author John Wells offers the following definition for educators within the context of the technological age:Professional development†¦goes beyond the term training with its implications of learning skills, and encompasses a definition that includes formal and informal means of helping teachers not only learn new skills, but also develop new insights into pedagogy and their own practices, and explore new or advanced understandings of content and resources. [This] definition of professional development includes support for teachers as they encounter the challenges that come with putting into practice their evolving understanding about the use of technology to sup port inquiry-based learning (p.2). Professional development may encompass various characteristics such as goals and outcomes aligned to the districts, relevant topics in trainings, opportunities for staff collaboration, development maintained by an on-site coordinator, high quality and professional training and evaluations to determine effectiveness of program. James Polk, author of traits of effective teachers, states, â€Å"the need for a strong professional development program is well established in research† (p.2). Mr. Polk (2006) cites a recent study of factors contributing to three aspects of the teaching process that, â€Å"teachers ranked professional development in the top third of importance on each aspect† (p. 2). In analyzing the professional development plan of my school district, Richland County School District One, I noticed several issues that were identified by Mr. Polk. Mr. Polk outlined several problems associated with the traditional in-service programs that are deemed ineffective. Mr. Polk (2006) states that:assumptions, such as periodic in-service being sufficient to develop new teaching methods and improve practice, teachers being able to learn by listening to a speaker, and professional development being a luxury  rather than an integral part of district improvement, are all negating factors in the implementation of patronization of training programs (p. 2). Mr. Polk further identifies research-based, more effective assumptions such as professional development should be perpetual, and school change involves external and internal organizations and personal development. In professional development programs, the instructions to teacher should be demonstrated or modeled, practiced with feedback and professional development should be integrated into the daily life of teachers. Mr. Polk (2006) states that â€Å"if professional growth rests solely on bimonthly, two-hour in-service sessions after the students are dismissed early, then any training received will unlikely be reflected in student mastery† (p.2). Richland County School District One’s (RSDI) professional development program has several components such as the Plan Do Check Act (PDCA), Avatar, and classroom walkthrough. According to the Richland County School District One’s website, Plan Do Check Act is used in â€Å"designing curriculum and delivering classroom instruction, in providing student support services, staff goal setting and evaluation, developing any new program, product or process design, planning strategically and starting a new improvement project or implementing any change†. The Plan component is identifying the learning problem and gathering the needed data. The Do component is analyzing the causes and implementing the plan on a trial of pilot basis. The Check component of PDCA is gathering the data results of the solution and analyzing the data. The Act component is implementing the instruction for all students and modifying the improvement plan. Avatar is the district’s professional development management system that allows for teaches to sign up for trainings offered by the district. All the trainings are offered after school or in the summer; this contradicts the recommendation offered by Mr. Polk that professional development should be integrated into the daily life of the teacher during the school day. The classroom walkthrough team is a district employee, the principal, assistant principal, and the professional development on-site coordinator. The team conducts the classroom walkthrough by observing the instructional strategies of a teacher for a total of five to ten minutes. The teacher is not offered prior information or feedback on the classroom walkthrough to correct or enhance his instructional strategies. The Richland County School District One website offers the levels of engagement of the students who the team should identify during the walkthrough. The levels; Authentic Engagement, Ritual Engagement, Passive Compliance, Retreatism, and Rebellion and their definitions are cited on the web page but teachers would not know their level due to lack of communication from the classroom walkthrough team. The problem of the poor quality of professional development was identified in the South Carolina schools that I have researched. For example, in Richland County School District Two, the district’s professional development program mirrors Richland County School District One’s program by only focusing on providing monthly in-service trainings on half-days for students or summer in-service activities. Both districts also provide the occasional monthly state or national conference in the teacher’s subject area and online training, i.e. Educational Television. Richland County School District Two differs by offering their Richland School District Two’s Technology Education Collaboration Mentors Program. The program is for school-selected representatives from every school in the district. The program focuses on helping fellow staff members develop personal technology skills and integrate technology into their classroom. Besides this program, I was unable to find any difference from the two districts and the professional development training. Richland County School District One and District Two professional development programs consist of low quality training once a month, irrelevant topics, lack of feedback from teachers and administrators, and concepts but lack of implementation. The districts’ programs lack the scope, high quality, accessibility (besides the Avatar system in RSDI), relevancy, and feedback from students. The majority of the district’s professional development program is the poor quality program described by Mr. Polk; two-hour  in-service sessions after the students are dismissed early from school. Reference Polk, J. (2006). Traits of effective teachers. Arts Education Policy Review, 107, p. 23-30. Wells, J. (2007). Key design factors in durable instructional technology professional development. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 15, p. 101-123. www.richlandone.org/ipda/Training_Tools/pdca.htm and www.richland2.org

Allowing Gays To Adopt

In most cases, the legality of adoption is based very strongly upon the principle of consent. Consent refers to the agreement by the child’s parents or the child’s guardian (the person or the agency under whose custody the child is) to accede the child for adoption and to expel the rights and duties with regard to the child. The process of consenting requires that the birth parents of the child notify a judge or court officials in writing.Alternatively, a part from the biological parents, other people issuing their consent can be the agency in charge of the child, the guardians, the court of law, or a close relative or the next friend who has already attained the legal age. In some states such as the Virgin Islands and the District of Columbia for instance, the child should issue consent when or when above 14. Sometimes this may be abnegated if the child is mentally ill. The execution of the consent normally takes 13 days while cases with the fastest ratification speed may take 12-24 hours.Heretofore, the next stage may differ since rules are state-specific. In most states, the written consent is notarized to the concerned public, while in other states; the consenting parents are taken for counseling as touching the matter. A provision for the revocation of the consent is normally very limited but in most cases, the adoption process is irrevocable. States in which there are absolutely no provision for the revocation include; Mississippi, Samoa and the Nebraska.The limited provision come in when the parents or guardians were defrauded, coerced or were under duress when issuing their consent. Some states also issue a time frame within which any case of disgruntlement can be aired by the parents. Conversely if the application to revoke the consent has been found to be in the interest of the child or if both the biological parents and the adoptive parents have reached this consensus, it will be the duty of the court of law to consider the petition.The 14th amendment of the American constitution, a post civil war judicial reconstruction, was originally intended to bolster the 13th amendment which in turn had brought slavery to a grinding halt. This amendment was to promote the rights of the former slaves. When it was proposed in the June 13, 1866, it spelt out equal protection of all by the law, birthing the â€Å"Separate but equal† doctrine. This amendment placed all persons on the same pedestal since all became under one law. It is upon this concept of equality that the marginalized groups began to come out for equal recognition.Privacy rights such as abortion, homosexuality became subject to debates. Currently perhaps the most heated form of debate is the one touching on the prospects of gay adoption (Ricketts, 1991). The laws for the best interest of the child assume that for any normal child to develop well, this should happen under the jurisdiction of the two parents. It is on this backdrop that in the best interest of the child, the law has come up with regulations which are geared towards the child’s protection for instance, in case of a divorce.By default, the law stipulates that upon divorce, both parents should have equal access and responsibility to and over the child. This can only be negated upon a parent being found to be harmful to the child. As far as the issue of the best interest of the child in relation to gay parenting is concerned, the law is not yet unified and therefore varies from one state to another. For instance gay parenting is prohibited in Florida but reconstructions are underway to recognize it in Alabama, Georgia, Ohio and Tennessee.The pro-gay parenting legal practitioners argue that it is better for a child to have a two parent family than a one parent one, and that it will be furthering the interest of the child since a two parent family can easily fend for the child’s needs than if the child had one or no parent at all. A case these lawyers have bro ught to the fore is the fact that there are presently (Clifford, Hertz, Doskow, Curry 2007)119,000 needy children in the US alone waiting to be adopted. Furthermore, they posit that children have more serious concerns than their parent’s sexual orientation.Discrimination against children raised by gay parents is not so far fetched compared to the discrimination encountered by gay parents. In America, this is not much of a problem compared to Australia where the parents are discriminated against in areas touching on taxation, social security, and workers’ compensation. The only case of discrimination against children with gay parents witnessed in Australia is limited to the peer groups and is always manifested in schools and in the neighborhood.This is because the Article 2 of the Convention of the Rights of the Child which was ratified in the 1990 sternly warns against child discrimination of any kind (Ricketts, 1991). Although some maintain that there is no strong bas is for the prohibition of the adoption by gay parenting, yet children rights and welfare agencies cite the child bearing studies on the other hand to maintain that children raised in heterosexual marriages thrive best emotionally, physically and mentally.They maintain that spates of violence are 2-3 times higher in homosexual marriages when compared to the heterosexual ones. In addition to this, they posit that homosexual marriages are always susceptible to dissolution with the normal gay marriage lasting 2-3 years and that homosexual activities are often marked with substance dependence, mental illnesses, suicidal tendencies and a shortened lifespan in comparison to heterosexual marriages.The proponents of same sex marriage and the adoption by the same sex parents have countered that these dysfunctions accrued by this group are as a result of the US socio-economic pressure, to which the opponents of adoption by the gay parents rebutted that the same pressure rests on the normative/ conservative form of marriage without yielding such results (Lerner and Nagai 2001). They further deliberate that children adopted or reared under the same sex marriage are highly vulnerable to sexual confusion, homo sexual behavior and premature sex.Nevertheless, it must be kept in mind that numerous strides have been made to entrench gay adoption and this has also produced gradual acceptance of the practice. A testimony to this is Florida which since 1977 had proscribed gay adoption but as per now efforts are in the offing to abrogate this law due to the push by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) on the Supreme Court. In the same vein, the 1997 ACLU fact sheet, â€Å"the gay parenting statistics† to confirm this discloses that approximately, 6-14 million children are living under gay parenting.This could still be an understatement since most gays and lesbians are always reserved about disclosing the structure of their families due to fear of losing children (Mc Gurry , 2003). These changing prospects can be attributed to the fact that the emphasis on traditional form of marriage is gradually waning, and the subsequent overturning of state laws to assimilate gay marriages is in force. A case in point is when the then president Bill Clinton, signed the Defense On Marriage Act (DOMA), thus giving way to same sex marriage in Hawaii (Rimmerman, Wald, Wilcox, 2000).Gay adoption is also growing because of the fast rate with which gay parenting is spreading. Gay parenting, apart from the normal procedure of adoption occurs when one partner pulls out of a heterosexual marriage while still maintaining the custody of a child and moves into a gay marriage or, through lesbians opting for an artificial insemination upon siring a child enters into an agreement with gay partners for adoption. The co-parent adoption occurs when one gay who has an adopted child with him moves in with a partner who automatically assumes the role of a co- parent.This practice is co mmon in Washington, District of Columbia, Vermont, California, Minnesota, Alaska, and Oregon (Tonnerson, Andenaes and Wintemute, 2001). As touching on the stability of the children, the children grow up healthy and well adjusted compared to those who have one or no parent at all. This scores highly with the concept of the best interest of a child since the child’s financial and material needs are met. Conversely, the children under gay adoption turn out successfully just as the ones under heterosexual care.The American Psychological Association (AMA), out of its research maintained categorically that there was no evidence that children brought under gay adoption and parenting were susceptible to maladjustment or that they turned out less intelligent or suffered low self esteem; neither was there a connection between homosexuality and pedophilia or direct influence in the child’s sexual orientation in future. On the contrary, the AMA observed that 90% of child sexual ab uses were carried out by heterosexual men (Baker, 2005).To further dispel the misgivings on gay adoption, both the parents who want to adapt a child undergo a screening procedure which is a meticulous exercise meant to filter out those who have less prospects of making good parents. The fact that many potential gay parents navigate successfully these enchanted waters is a testimony of the type of parents they would make. Bibliography. Baker P. Public Discourses of Gay men. Rutledge: United States, 2005. Clifford D. Hertz F. Doskow E. Curry H. A Legal Guide for Lesbian and Gay Couples. Nolo: United States, 2007. Lerner R. Negai A.No Basis: What studies don’t tell us about parenting. Marriage Law Projects /Ethics and Public Policy Center: United States, 2001. Mc Garry J. K. Fatherhood for Gay Men: Emotional and Practical Guide to becoming a gay dad. Haworth Press: United States, 2003. Ricketts W. Lesbians and Gay men as foster parents. Wendel/ Ricketts: United States, 1991. Rim merman A. C. Wald D. K. Wilcox C. The Politics of Gay Rights University of Chicago: United States, 2000. Tonnerson M. Andenaes R. Wintemute M. Legal Recognition of Same Sex Partnership: A Study of National and European Law. Hart Publishing

The Opening

It is named Al-Fatihah, the Opening – in light of the fact that it opens the Book and by it the recitation in supplication starts. It is additionally named Umm al-Qur'an, the Mother of the Qur'an, and Umm al-Kitab, the Mother of the Book in light of the way that the noteworthiness of the whole Qur'an is outlined in that. It is in like way named Sab'ul-Mathani, (the Seven Often Repeated Verses), Al-Hamd, (the Praise), Al-Shifa (The Cure) and Ar-Ruqya, the Spiritual Cure. Its recitation is a condition for the reasonableness of the demand. It is the Mecci Surah of the Holy Quran, which construes that it was found on the Prophet of God while He was in Makkah, i.e. before movement to Madina. It was at first the fifth part to be revealed yet after Furqan e Hameed was assembled, it was put toward the start. Al-Fatiha itself infers â€Å"The Opening† as this territory comes content with beginning of the Holy Book and fills in as a Gateway to look at Quran Majeed further. In addition, it in like way fills in as the beginning of Salah. It in like way has the pleasure of being the standard Surah that is made known totally. Disregarding the way that it includes 7 Ayats just, yet despite it explains the Veneration of the Almighty in an incredibly comprehensive way and also is a sensational system for supplication of advancing toward Allah for keeping one on the correct way. THEME: Allah has instructed in this Surah to mankind to offer supplication to Him, who is the Lord of this universe before chasing down course and Who alone can permit it. The reader should have a firm conviction that the Creator of the universe is the wellspring of all data and the examination of Quran can give him guidance. Islam requires a man to start everything with the name of Allah. By doing this he will keep himself a long way from questionable and wrong deeds. By then there is offered to of Allah Who is Master, Owner, Sustainer, Provider, Guardian, Sovereign, Ruler, Administrator and Organizer. By then it is consolidated that He is the Master of the Day of Judgment, in this way, everyone is responsible for his deeds. Humankind is only admirer of the Lord and thusly, mankind is requesting bearing in each walk around life. The course which make mankind positive is required. The individual will's character off track will continue on through the savagery of Allah (SWT)VIRTUES: There are many virtues related to this Surah.Hazrat Abu Saeed al-Khudri narrates: â€Å"While on a journey we finished at a place. A young woman came to us and expressed: â€Å"The leader of this group has been stung by a scorpion and our men are truant, is there anybody among you who can recite something upon him to treat him?† Then, one of our men obliged her in spite of the way that we didn't deduce that he knew any such treatment. In any case, our sidekick went to the manager and examined something upon him and the supervisor was cured. Instantly, the manager gave him thirty sheep and gave each one of us deplete to drink. When he returned, we asked our buddy: â€Å"Did you know anything to introduce upon him to cure him?† He expressed: â€Å"No, I just talked about Umm al-Kitab (i.e. Surah al-Fatiha) upon him.† We said that don't do anything until the point that the moment that we accomplish Madinah and ask the Prophet as for this (sharpen and reward whether the sheep were lawful or not for us). In the wake of accomplishing Madinah, we depicted this to the Prophet (PBUH), whereupon he remarked: â€Å"How might he come to understand that Al-Fatiha can be used as a cure? (PBUH) Distribute your reward among yourselves and a ton an offer for me likewise†.† (Sahih Bukhari) TAFSEER OF SURAH AL-FATIAH:In the Name of Allah The main ayah of Surah Fatiha is: For the sake of Allah, the Beneficent, the Most Merciful. (Al-Fatiha: 1) This expression is known as the bismillah. It regards recount it before doing any activity. The Meaning of the letter Baa The Baa in the Arabic dialect can have three distinct implications:With – With/for the sake of AllahSeeking help – Seeking help of the name of AllahSeeking favoring – Seeking favoring with the name of Allah The Meaning of al-Rahman and al-Raheem Both these names are gotten from a similar root letters: raa, haa, meem; which intends to show kindness.They are in this way comparable in importance and both are associated with Allah's (SWT) Mercy. The way that Allah (SWT) notices two of His Names which show to do with Mercy, instead of Might and Power or so on, demonstrates exactly how essential this Attribute is. The distinction between al-Rahman and al-Raheem is that al-Rahman alludes to Allah's (SWT) Mercy to all of creation. It is His Mercy which is stretched out to the two adherents and doubters; creatures, and everything that exists. He says in the Qur'an: My Mercy envelops all things. (Al-A'raf: 156) Al-Rahman in this manner shows the outrageous boundlessness of Allah's (SWT) Mercy. It is said in a hadith that Allah (SWT) isolated Mercy into 100 sections and sent down just a single part to this dunya. It is from this one a player in His Mercy that creatures indicate kindness to their posterity (Sahih Muslim). Al-Raheem alludes to Allah's (SWT) Mercy which is particular for the devotees. He says in the Qur'an: Also, He is Full of Mercy to the Believers. (al-Ahzab: 43) Al-Raheem in this way demonstrates the doing of an activity. All Praise is because of Allah The second ayah is: All acclaim be to Allah, the Lord of the considerable number of universes. (Al-Fatiha: 2) The Meaning of Hamd and the Difference amongst Hamd and Shukr Hamd implies applaud and furthermore appreciation. The researchers contrasted with regards to the connection between the words hamd and shukr. Some said that they both have a similar importance. In this way, the significance of hamd, in their view, is the same as shukr (appreciation, appreciation). Hamd is something which must be finished with adoration and veneration, however shukr does not require this. Shukr is helped in light of out which is done to a man however hamd is done basically on the grounds that the one being lauded and said thanks to is deserving of that. The Meaning of Rabb Rabb is normally deciphered as Lord yet it is significantly more including than that. It likewise incorporates the importance of Nurturer, Sustainer, Cherisher et cetera. The Rabb is the maker, ruler, ace and the person who controls everything. It originates from the root letters raa, baa, baa: which intends to have dominance and control over something. The Meaning of ‘Aalameen A portion of the contrasting perspectives about it are that it alludes to: 1-Everything which exists other than Allah ta'aalaa 2-Mankind and the jinn 3-Those things which have an insightfulness, and they are four: humankind, jinn, holy messengers, and fiends 4-Those things which have souls The best view is the first, the confirmation being ayah 23 and 24 of Surah Shu'ara. (23) Said Pharaoh, â€Å"And what is the Lord of the universes?† (24) [Moses] stated, â€Å"The Lord of the sky and earth and that between them, on the off chance that you ought to be persuaded.† The Beneficent, The Most Merciful The third ayah is: The Beneficent, The Most Merciful. (Al-Fatiha: 3) The clarification of these two names has just been given. Why at that point is it rehashed? This is to by and by accentuation the significance of the nature of leniency. Likewise, when something is rehashed in the Qur'an, at that point you should take a gander at the ayah before it and after it, to perceive how they are connected. For this situation, the past ayah specified that Allah (SWT) is the Rabb of the considerable number of universes. In this way, His rehashing the words, al-Rahman al-Raheem from that point forward, demonstrates to us that His being the Rabb – His taking of and supporting and accommodating us – is all piece of His Mercy towards us. Ace of the Day of Reward The fourth ayah is: The Only Owner of the Day of Recompense. (Al-Fatiha: 3) The Meaning of Maalik: The principal expression of this ayah can be discussed in two courses: either as â€Å"Maalik† (with a madd after the meem) or as â€Å"Malik† (without the madd). Maalik implies ace, and it alludes to â€Å"drain† – the responsibility for. Malik implies ruler, and it alludes to â€Å"mulk† – the domain of a man. God is the Lord of the Day when all ages of humanity assemble on request to render a record of their lead, and when every individual will be at long last remunerated or rebuffed for his deeds. The portrayal of God as Lord of the Day of Judgment following the say of his generosity and sympathy demonstrates that we should recollect another part of God too to be specific, that He will judge all of us, that He is so totally intense, that on the Day of Judgment nobody will have the power either to oppose the requirement of disciplines that He declares or to keep anybody from getting the prizes that He chooses to give. Consequently, we should not exclusively to love Him for supporting and managing us and for His sympathy and kindness towards us, however ought to likewise hold Him in amazement on account of His equity, and ought not overlook that our definitive bliss or hopelessness rests totally with Him. You (Alone) We Worship The fifth ayah is: (Only you) we love and (only you) we request help. (Al-Fatiha: 5) Now, there is a move in the Surah from educating us about Allah (SWT) and commending Him, to tending to Him.†We revere† implies we comply. Love is dutifulness and self-humbling. It intends to lower yourself before Allah (SWT) and to submit to His Will. Apparently it is self-dishonor, however actually, it is eminence and beautification. The ayah certifies the Lordship of Allah and asserts that love is because of Him. â€Å"Iyyaaka nasta'een† implies we look for help, support and achievement. As a rule, in many sentences the verb starts things out and after that the protest; yet in this ayah the question of the verb is specified first and after that the verb. So why would that be? It is with a specific end goal to append significance to it, to Allah (SWT). It likewise alludes the status of the slave and his love which is bring down so it will come in the wake of specifying the Lord, Allah (SWT). Guide us on the Straight Path The 6th ayah is: Guide us on the Straight Path. (Al-Fatiha: 5) This ayah is a dua which we make to Allah (SWT). We request that he demonstrate to us the Straight Path and to direct us on it, with the goal that we will get His Guidance which moves us nearer and closer to Him. We have to battle towards Allah (SWT) by doing great deeds and by avoiding every single terrible deed which will separate us from Him. The Meaning of Siraat Siraat is a street or a way. Be that as it may, there are sure conditions which it needs to satisfy keeping in mind the end goal to be a siraat else it would be called something unique, for example, tareeq or sabeel which additionally mean a street. The conditions are that it must be straight. It must achieve the objective and it must be the most limited course to arrive. It should likewise be wide and sufficiently roomy for everybody who needs to movement it. The Meaning of MustaqeemMustaqeem is gotten from istaqaama, which intends to be straight, upright, amend. We as of now said that for a street to be a sirat it must be straight, so this modifier of mustaqeem again accentuation the straightness of this Path. Another significance of mustaqeem is to stay firm or to stand firm without tilting. For instance, a tree that is solidly grounded when the breeze passes up it. Along these lines, the Straight Path is a way on which individuals are immovably grounded. The Path of Those The seventh and last ayah is: The way of those you have favored, not of those with outrage on them, nor of the individuals who are off track. (Al-Fatiha: 7) Who are the general population who have been honored by Allah (SWT) and whose Path we request to manual for? This is clarified by Allah (SWT) in another ayah where He says: Whosoever obeys Allah, and the Messenger, they are with those whom Allah has favored, the Prophets, the earnest, the saints and the equitable, and these are the best organization. (Al-Nisa': 69) In this way, the favored and favored individuals are the Prophets, the equitable, the saints and the devout. What's more, who are the general population with outrage on them and the individuals who are off track? This is clarified by the Prophet. ‘Adi ibn Hatim (RA) got some information about those with outrage on them and he answered that it alludes to the Jews. He at that point got some information about the individuals who are off track and he answered that it alludes to the Christians. This is accounted for by al-Tirmidhi and is credible.Effect on the life of a Muslim1-Forgoing gaining His dismay and endeavouring to acquire his supportIn a Hadith described by Companion Abu-Sa'ad (RA), a section read: â€Å"I will instruct a Surah which is the best Surah in the Quran before you leave the Masjid†. At that point he grabbed hold of my hand and when he planned to leave [the Masjid], I asked him, â€Å"Did you not state that you would show me a Surah which is the best Surah in the Qur'an?† He answered, â€Å"Yes. It is [the Surah initiating with], ‘All acclaim and thanks are because of Allah'. It is the Seven Oft-Repeated verses and the Great Qur'an that has been given to me.† 2.The regularly adoring, consistently managing nature of God The petition incorporated into the part is routed to God following the revelation by the devotee that he looks for assistance from nobody else however God. This equitable indicates the hugeness of the idea that, God alone is the turner of fortunes, the reliever of agony and the planner of predeterminations. Along these lines, an adherent ought to dependably swing to God for help as no one but He can change things around for him. This idea helps the devotee to enjoy supplication for his improvement. 3.Have confidence in God's Mercy The verses of this section incorporate a stressed specify of God's kindness. It expands the psyche of an adherent to realize that God is dependably there to hear us out, excuse us and better our lives. This general concept gives the devotee an extreme shelter; the asylum of God's unfathomable kindness. It's that place of refuge you can simply swing to if your expectation is honorable and confidence is clear. 4.Affirmation of God's characteristics The verses say God's lordship over the world and the great beyond. It passes on the adherent a basic thought that whatever lies in this world is made, kept up and directed by God alone and whatever lies past and after this world; the great beyond, is likewise represented by God in totality. This sets being an unassuming hireling of God and partner all acclaim because of Him. The Opening â€Å"In The Name of Allah, The Beneficent, The Merciful.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"(All) praise is (only) Allah's, the Lord of the Worlds.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Beneficent, The Merciful.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Master of the Day of Judgement.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Thee (alone) do we worship and of Thee (only) do we seek help.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Guide us (O' Lord) on the Straight Path.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"The path of those upon whom Thou hast bestowed Thy bounties, not (the path) of those inflicted with Thy wrath, nor (of those) gone astray.â€Å"The Opening (Surah e Fatiha) has a different opening tone as compared to other surahs, its tone is extraordinary and has a particular style which is clearly different from others. The others surah of Quran includes commands for the mankind from Allah, whereas Surah e Fatiha is a way for the mankind to speak and communicate to their creator Allah Almighty without any mediator.It is a Mecci surah of Quran which means it was discovered by Prophet PBUH when he was in Makkah. It is kept at the the beginning of Quran and serves as a gateway to read the Holy Quran. It consists of 7 surahs and it is also a way to salah.Theme:Surah e Fatiha is described as the Mother of the Quran and the Seven oft-repeated verses. It describes the basic tenets of Islam, belief in Allah, the Prophet Muhammad PBUH and the purification of the soul and character. In many ways, Surah e Fatiha is a summary of the main themes of the Qur'an. The scholars have mentioned that the Qur'an is broadly divided into 3 main themes. Number one the Quran speaks about Allah, number two about the Prophets and past nations, and number three about the halal and haram.Allah: In the first three verses of the surah Allah Almighty tells about the very first principle that is to know Allah about His creation, His power, His attributes, His names. It gives us the message of Tauheed. It tells us that Allah is the most merciful and most beneficent and that He is the owner of the day of Judgement.Prophet:In the next verses of Surah, the second principle is described. It tells us to follow the Prophet PBUH his sacrifices, his life, his way of living, his character. It tells us to follow the straight path, the path of Prophet Muhammad PBUH to follow his Sunnah. And that he is the best example to follow.Halal and Haram:After following the first two principles a person heart becomes pure and it allows a person to do only those things that Allah lov es and follow the Sunnah and straight path of the Prophet Muhammad PBUH this helps a person to do halal deeds which leads to attain Allah's grace, blessings and love.Whereas if a person will not follow the first two principles it will lead to the creation of an evil person who does bad deeds and we only get Allah's wrath and anger.Virtue of Surah e Fatiha:There are many virtues of Surah e Fatiha such asIbn ‘Abbas narrated:†While Jibril was with the Messenger of Allah, he heard a noise from above. Jibril lifted his sight to the sky and said: â€Å"This is a door in the Heavens being opened, and it has never been opened before now.† An Angel descended from that door and came to the Prophet and said: â€Å"Receive the glad tidings of two lights that you have been given, which no other Prophet before you was given The Opening of the Book (Al Fatiha) and the last verses of ‘al-Baqarah.' You will not read a letter of them except that you will gain its benefit.† (Sahih Muslim).B) Impact of Surah e Fatiha On the Life of Muslim:There are many impact of surah e fatiha on the life of a Muslim. It is a blessing and holds a great position in the heart of every Muslim. By accepting every single word of it a person submits himself to Allah and because of submission of a person to Allah SWT we shape our lives in every manner possible. We recite surah e fatiha 17 times a day and without it our prayer remains incomplete. It helps us solve all our problems in daily life and connect us to Allah. It creates a mentality in the believer that the road to every moment of happiness and contentment. Every word of each verse nurture a sense of gratitude for the losses, hardships, and disappointments we face in life, by realizing that Allah offers us an opportunity to gain nearness to Him and forgiveness and rewards through patience during such events in life.C) Tafseer of Surah e Fatiha:The first verse:The first ayat of Surah Fatiha is: In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Most Merciful. It is known as bismillah. It is good and necessary to recite before every action. The Meaning of al-Rahman and al-Raheem:Both these names are derived from the same root letters: raa,haa, meem; which means to have mercy. They both similar in meaning and both are connected to Allah. The fact that Allah and mention of two of His Names which have to do with Mercy, rather than Might and Power, to show just how important this is. The difference between al-Rahman and al-Raheem is that al-Rahman refers to Allah mercy to all of creation. It is His mercy which is extended to everything that exists.Al-Raheem refers to Allah's mercy which is specific for the believers. It indicates the doing of actionsThe second verse:The second ayat is: All praise be to Allah, the Lord of all the worlds. The word hamd means praise and thankfulness. The meaning of hamd, is the same as shukr. Hamd is something which must be done with love and affection, but shukr does not need this. Shukr is done in response to a favour which is done to a person but hamd is done simply because the one being praised and thanked. The Meaning of Rabb and Aalameen:Rabb is usually means and translate as Lord but it is much more. The Rabb is the creator, the king, the master and the one who controls everything in this universe. It comes from the root letters raa, baa which means to have control over everything.Aalameen means everything which exists other than Allah that is mankind, jinn, angels, and devils. In short, all those things which have souls.The third verse:The third ayat is: The Beneficent, The Most Merciful. The explanation of these two names has already been given. Why is it repeated? This is to once again emphasize the importance of the mercy. Also, when something is repeated in the Quran, then you should look at the ayat before it and aft er it, to see how they are related. In this case, the previous ayah mentioned that Allah is the Rabb of all the worlds. So, repeating the words, al-Rahman and al-Raheem after that, shows us that being the Rabb He provides us mercy.The fourth verse:The fourth ayat is: The Only Owner of the Day of Recompense.The Meaning of Maalik. Maalik means master and refers to â€Å"milk† that is the ownership of something whereas Malik means king, and it refers to â€Å"mulk† that is the dominion of a person. God is the Lord of the Day of Judgement. He will judge us He is powerful, that on the Day of Judgement no one will have the power either to resist the enforcement of punishments that He decrees or to prevent anyone from receiving the rewards that he decides to bestow. Hence, we should not forget that our ultimate happiness or misery rests completely with Him. The fifth verse:The fifth ayat is: You (alone) we worship and You (alone) we ask for help. Now we are addressing Allah. Worship means to obey, it means to submit yourself before Allah and to His Will. The ayah tells us that lordship and worship is due to Him. â€Å"Iyyaaka nasta'een† means we seek help, support and success. Usually, in most sentences the verb comes first and then the object but here the object of the verb is mentioned first and then the verb so to attach importance to it, to Allah refers the status of the slave and his worship which is lower so it will come after mentioning the Lord, Allah. The sixth verse:The sixth ayat is: Guide us on the Straight Path. This ayah is a dua which we make to show us the straight path and to guide us on it, so that we will get guidance and get closer to Him. We must prevent ourselves from doing bad deeds so that it doesn't draw us far away from Allah The Meaning of Siraat and Mustaqeem:Siraat is a road or a path. The ways to fulfil a siraat is tareeq or sabeel which also mean a road. The conditions are that it must be straight,reach the goal, it must be the shortest route to get there, must also be wide and spacious enough for everyone who wants to travel it.Mustaqeem is derived from the word istaqaama, which means to be straight, upright.The adjective of mustaqeem is to emphasize again the straightness of this path. The seventh and final verse:The seventh ayat is:The path of those you have blessed, not of those with anger on them, nor of those who are astray.So, the favoured and blessed people are the Prophets, the martyrs and the pious. And who are the people with anger on them and those who are astray? This is explained by the Prophet. ‘Adi ibn Hatim (RA) asked him about those with anger on them and he replied that it refers to the Jews. He then asked him about those who are astray and he replied that it refers to the Christians. This is reported by al-Tirmidhi and is authentic.

U.S. National Debt Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

U.S. National Debt - Research Paper Example Federal governments borrow through issuing government bonds,securities and bills.In other nations government can borrow direct from organizations such as World Bank or other international institutions (Michael S.Weisbach). Only public debt is indicated as a liability on theUS federal government’s consolidated financial statements(Thornton). Debt held by federal government accounts is treated as an asset to those accounts however it is treatedas a liability to Treasuryaccount; the valuecounsel out each other in the consolidated financial statements.Federal governmentexpenditures and receipts are presented on a cashnotaccruals basis. However, the accrual method may provide useful data on long term effects of the governments annual operations. The US national debt is expressed as public debt ratio to GDP(gross domestic product). The debt ratio to GDP may decrease due of gross domestic product, government surplus or inflation (Alycia Chin). Deficitis thedifference between receipts and outlays for each year.US government generates revenue from excise, income, social insurance taxes and fees.The income generated is spent on service provision, social security, and research and debt payment. Deficit arises when spending exceeds income level. In such a case the government must borrow in order to pay its bills. Publicdebts differ from deficit in that public debt is the accumulated deficit plus off budget surpluses. Items included while calculating deficits are considered as either off-budget or on-budget.Governments borrow money needed maintain government operations. It borrows money by selling securities such as bonds, treasury bills, notes and savings bonds to the public. Treasury securities sold to the public and Intragovernmental Holdings amounts to total debt. Historically, US national debt has increased during recessions and wars, and declined subsequently. The debt ratio to GDP may decrease due of gross domestic product, government surplus orinflation.

In the light of the challenges facing global business today, all Essay

In the light of the challenges facing global business today, all companies listed on stock exchanges should adopt the UN Global - Essay Example This paper argues that â€Å"in the light of the challenges facing global business today, all companies listed on stock exchanges should adopt the UN Global Compact on responsible management† Globalization conveys people, culture, societies together and necessity and chances for cooperation enabling more prosperity and complex understanding to boost. Accountable businesses that establish proactive corporate practices and policies involving those valued by human rights, upon ensuring decent and safe working environments protection and excellent corporate governance contribute largely towards achieving social, economic and environmental goals. They also assist in making of markets more maintainable, inclusive and stable. Forming practices and rules which boost business responsibilities may also contribute towards business competitiveness. Enforcement and adoption of regulations and laws lies with the governments thus, business guided efforts can only be maintained and scaled whe n rules of law, public institutions, predictable regulatory and transparent efforts maintain the accountable business exercises. Much more, the collaborative multi-stakeholder enhancements amidst business, institutions, labor organizations and civil society give chances to boost promote innovation and extensive sustainable progression in manners capable to extend what businesses and governments produce on their own (Creaton, 2007). There are some ways in which Governments may sustain accountable business exercises. These are: Forming enabling conditions where governments may allocate crucial conditions for corporate accountability matters for dialogue and progression. This could also involve guiding by example like by articulation maintaining for corporate accountability principles and guidelines. Raising consciousness as the governments may dynamically draw attention to usual matters, benefits and aspects of corporate responsibility and enable for public debates. On promotion gover nments may come with best practices like giving of awards likewise to endorsement or invite wider community and invite businesses support for voluntary corporate accountability activities, programs and initiatives such as UN Global Compact. Tools progression ensure recognizing that business sectors can at times require requirement facilitation or guidance help as governments could help the progression of corporate accountability guidelines, programs and realization of particular designed which encourages entrepreneurism and corporate accountability amongst the medium and small sized enterprises areas. Funding where the governments have resources and may directly add to resources to assist voluntary initiative to exploit their effects. UN Global Compact renewed the multi-stakeholder obligations, widening of business establishment, boosting of financial market incentives, added governmental maintenance and extending of wider UN-premises agenda. All the points lies with the decision th at business workings in pragmatic and principled

An Investigation into the issue of human trafficking, the factors that Essay

An Investigation into the issue of human trafficking, the factors that promote it and the obstacles in preventing this evolving - Essay Example Although human trafficking has been present for a very long time, it has increased a lot in the last quarter of the 20th century due to a number of reasons, the main being the increased number of refugees due to many civil wars, increased poverty due to global crises and natural disasters, and the increased emphasis on sexuality in the media. Human trafficking is not just an issue that can be taken lightly. It does not just lead to the exploitation of human beings through the development of the sex industry and forced labor, but also results in other illicit activities. Often, the money from the illicit profits is used for the growth and expansion of drugs or illegal weapons related businesses. This kind of a business again requires some form of exploitation of children and women, and sometimes even men. So a vicious circle is formed from which people cannot escape. Rather more and more fall into these precarious work conditions. The issue of human trafficking needs to be addressed p roperly by governments that want to break people out from the vicious cycle of human trafficking. ... The paper, therefore, looks at the reasons in a lot of detail. In order to understand them, however, it is important to fully comprehend the definition and forms of human trafficking. Definition Human Trafficking, according to Jordan (2002), is the movement of humans within or across borders by the use of inappropriate means, like fraud and force, so that they can be forced into labor, slavery, and servitude. So, human trafficking is an illicit trade whereby human beings are ‘sold’ for the purpose of commercial promotion or slavery. To be more precise, however, the definition provided by the UN Convention on Transnational Organized Crime and adopted by the UN General Assembly on 15 November 2000, according to Bakirci (2009), is as follows. ‘[. . .] recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of threat or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of dishonesty, of the misuse of power or of a situation of susceptibility or of the taking or getting of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation’ Hence trafficking, according to the UN Convention on Transnational Organized Crime, includes at the very least either some form of sexual exploitation or labor exploitation. It is very important to state here, as Bakirci (2009) relates that human trafficking does not necessarily require movement. Unlike human smuggling, human trafficking does not need the person to be moved from one way to the other. But, in effect, trafficking means the recruitment and harboring of individuals in the professions that have been discussed in the definition above. So, people can also be trafficked in their homelands, as

Dr zhivago final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Dr zhivago final - Essay Example Zhivago is an exciting, moving, adore tale concerning a pair of individuals caught in dreadful moments; The Great War and the Russian revolt. Majority of the individuals discover about it by the David Lean movie of the sixties; however, it remained thrilling to revisit the manuscript and look for so much new ideas there, which not at all appeared in the movie that individuals may view presently for the first instance. The film may offer people sight; however, the familiarity of television may allow people to move nearer to the core of the associations. Question 1 Scenes that were portrayed extremely well in the Film by David Lean and his team and Campiotti and his team included: One of the scenes that is well portrayed is the scene where Lara fires Komarovsky at a merrymaking; however, fails to aim him; after Komarovsky makes advances to her and sexually harasses her. Komarovsky notices that Lara has the capacity to harm him; nevertheless, he does not desire to threaten his status th rough being associated with her. He concludes to look for her a residence to live; however, he will keep distance from her. This still is the moment when Yury notices Lara and admires her but he does not inform her of his feelings. Meanwhile Tonya is ravaged by her mother’s demise. ... They manage to get a baby girl though their relationship becomes complex. Thus, Pasha decides to join the army where he mysteriously disappears while in the army and Lara decides to work as an army nurse to try and search for him. The third scene, which shows Lean’s men competence in the film, is when the Red’s men kidnap Yury and they force him to do job for them as their nurse. After two decades working for the Red’s, Yury manages to run away through Siberia. Sick and tired, he arrives at Lara’s residence because Lara does not shift from one place to another. Lara takes care of him, they continue with their love affair until when Yury receives a letter from her spouse Tonya informing him that she has conceived a baby girl, and she will move away from Russia. Yury decides to look for his family and then Lara resolves on staying with Komarovsky to escape hazard. Strelnikov fires himself to death on realizing Lara’s affair with Yury and Yury decides to go back to Moscow, to his family. The scene that Campiotti and his team performed really well is the introduction scene where they introduce Lara and Yury as young children. They are depicted as young individuals ready to embark on life. Yury is from a very affluent household and does not anticipate anything will reform. However, when the revolt emerges, it is a little somehow as what transpired following September 11th, which means life takes a new turn wholly. The reason why these scenes were performed so precisely in the film is that they exhaustively brought out the real image of the characters and the motive of the film. They are so clear and non-ambiguous and thus they send the message straight to the viewers. The reason why I would like to keep them is that they bring out the sense of