Globalization and Organizational Behavior - 1049 Words

To be successful in today’s global market, managers and leaders need to understand more than just technical skills. Managers and leaders should also understand globalization and organizational behavior. Globalization is the tendency of businesses, technologies, or philosophies to spread throughout the world, or the process of making this happen. The global economy is sometimes referred to as a globality, characterized as a totally interconnected marketplace, unhampered by time zones or national boundaries (Search CIO). Organizational behavior is a field of study that studies individuals groups, and structure. Organizational behavior applies the knowledge gained about individuals, groups, and the effect of structure on behavior in order to†¦show more content†¦The ability to observe and value different cultural behavior in a way that’s effective and appropriate is necessary for an organization to adapt to people who are from different nationalities and cultures. Culture shock is the feeling of disorientation or confusion that occurs when a person leaves a familiar place and moves to any unfamiliar one. People react differently to culture shock and their reaction can have an effect on their well being. Culture shock can make some people feel nervous and tired, increasing anxiety and negatively affecting their job performance. Other people may feel excited and stimulated by a different culture causing them to be more open to new ideas, promoting creativity and innovation. Being aware of these individual differences is important, when cultural exchanges with business partners are positive experiences business partnerships can grow and flourish (GSA, 2014). Successful management in a global economy requires a thorough knowledge of sociology, psychology, communication, and management. The hyper competitive nature of the global one world economy is having a dramatic affect on organizational behavior. Many companies are restructuring to gain a c ompetitive edge. This restructuring involves selective staffing, developing, coordinating, and communicating with people who are from different cultures. These cultural differences mandate a working knowledge of sociology, psychology,Show MoreRelatedOrganizational Culture and Behavior in the Age of Globalization1221 Words   |  5 PagesIn the age of globalization, an in-depth study and understanding of the organization’s culture and behaviour have become vital as its people comprise of different race, colour and culture. Organizational behaviour basically defines the interaction of human beings in a given organization and analysis of individuals and groups characteristics facilitates better understanding, prediction and improvisation in work place, leading to improved performance. 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Shakespeare s Playwrights And Poetry Empower People

Shakespeare’s playwrights and poetry empower people to do great things, prove to serve as living textbooks, and also help educate people. It’s important to experience his works, for they are truly inspirational arts that motivate people to do exceptional things and perhaps break a vicious cycle of corruption. There are many children in the world whose families are living below the poverty line and are in need of something to turn to. In the documentary by Laurence Bridges he showed an emotional story about a highschool girl that was only two weeks away from being inducted into a gang. The girl knew that she wanted to do something better, but needed to turn to something; so she took to Shakespeare. Here, within his works, she found herself and didn’t end up joining the gang. She avoided falling back into the cycle of corruption and violence. Weeks later she went onto help others in her class comprehend Shakespeare s messages. Shakespeare’s poetry and storie s allowed the girl to express herself in a way that he never sought to be possible. Shakespeare s works got her involved with something that she was passionate about, and provided her with an alternative to violence. Shakespeare has been credited for helping people discover the â€Å"real† them. For young adults have shared their experiences about being inspired by the stories and were empowered by the stories to do greater things. His writings act as a vehicle that drive people to success and helps to empower them andShow MoreRelatedGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesprocess all over America. This is the prediction the author of ‘The Vanishing Newspaper’ †¦ †¢ Advent of tech has brought a radical change in the media industry †¢ No longer confined to reading news, watching television †¢ Click of mouse, people can access instantaneous info and news online †¢ Proliferation of online blogs and social networking sites such as Twitter threaten to make mainstream media a thing of the past †¢ But mainstream media adapting to suit the taste of consumers

Leadership and Management Distinctive

Questions: 1. The definition and distinction between the terms leadership and management? 2. An appraisal of two different theoretical approaches to leadership and management? 3. The skills, attributes and behaviours required for leading and managing teams effectively? 4. Two strategies to lead and manage diverse teams operating in different geographical settings? 5. An analysis of three challenges involved in leading and managing staff? 6. Recommendations for responding to two challenges involved in leading a team in line with organisational and legal? 7. The importance of leading individuals and teams by example? Answers: Introduction Leadership and management are two distinctive assets of an organization which have been discussed in the current report and how they add value to an organization. These two concepts are explained with the help of theoretical approaches to have broader sense of the topics. At last, it has been given that how leading by example leadership quality can help an organization to attain its objectives. 1. Definition and Distinction between the Terms Leadership and Management Leadership is an attribute that convinces people while management is a kind of discipline to manage things in the most appropriate manner (Algahtani, 2014). Leadership is an effective skill in order to lead others by skills and knowledge. However, management is an art of organizing and coordinating things in a systematical order. One who leads is a leader and one who manages is known as a manager and the manager is copy while the leader is original (Kotterman, 2006). The main objective of a leader is to innovate to focus on people and the main objective of a manager is to administer which focuses on system and structure (Kotter, 2001). Hence, it can be stated that leadership requires sound foresightedness and management has a short term perspective. 2. Two Different Theoretical Approaches to Leadership and Management Leadership and management are closely related or linked to each other but one can see a slight difference between both of them. For this, it is important to understand leadership and management with the help of theoretical approaches. In this regard, one of the significant theories to appraise the concept of leadership is trait theory as this includes the characteristics of leaders (Lopez, 2014). These characteristics are further utilized to analyze the effectiveness of leadership. Such traits help to differentiate between effective and ineffective leaders as successful leaders have interests and abilities, and behavioral traits that make them unique and different from unsuccessful leaders (Shahrill, 2014). On the other hand, one of the best management theories is nudge theory as this help to get a better understanding of how people think, act and make decisions (Kotterman, 2006). Also, managers are people who help people to improve their thinking and decisions and one of the key roles of a manager is to manage change with an ease. In this regard, several changes are made in the policies of operational delivery and it is the responsibility of management to manage those changes with an ease so that citizens may get the service without any ambiguity (Gibson and Cohen, 2003). 3. Skills, Attributes and Behaviors Required for Leading and Managing Teams Effectively It is extremely important for a manager as well as a leader to work with unity in order to manage and lead teams effectively. Effective leadership needs deep human qualities and enthusiasm as the meaning of actual leadership has been changed in the modern era. Good leadership in the modern era needs such traits and behaviors which may relate to humanity. This is because it is essential for people to deal with people with patience while providing the services of operational delivery (Aldag and Kuzuhara, 2015). Apart from this, management of an organization should be flexible so that important changes can be made on time for the better functioning of an organization. an effectiveness management is one that manages its team efficiently and management should frame teams that have results driven structure as well as management should have the caliber to select the competent team members with unified commitment (Bertocci, 2009). In this regard, some of the important skills and behaviors that are required for an effective leadership may include honesty and integrity. This means that leaders must maintain cordial relationships with their people so that they may adapt in any dynamic environment and work for the betterment of an origination. Besides this, few important traits which are required to manage teams effectively may include that managers must state clear roles and responsibilities of a team to avoid any ambiguity in future. In nutshell, there must be transparent and open communication among the team members so that communication misinterpretations can be avoided (Bertocci, 2009). 4. Two Strategies to Lead and Manage Diverse Teams Operating in Different Geographical Settings It becomes a major challenge to manage diverse teams which are operating in different geographical settings as teams are required to be in the similar physical location to work in an efficient manner (Adeniyi, 2007). Two different teams in different geographical locations may include variety of circumstances but it is important to sync both the teams to attain organizational objectives. One of the major strategies to resolve this problem is to select the right team players as right quality of people must be chosen for different situations. They should be self motivated and possess good communication skills. Apart from this, they must be results driven. This would help leaders to cope with both the teams in an easier manner (Northouse, 2010). Another significant strategy is to make efforts to promote team bonding so that both the teams at different geographical locations may feel and work as a single team. This can be done by setting an intranet team page and build a virtual team room. Nowadays, it is really possible with the help of technology as this can be ensured with the help of webcams as video calls and such meetings would help both the teams to get connected to one another with an ease (Adeniyi, 2007). 5. An Analysis of Three Challenges involved in Leading and Managing Staff Leaders and managers face some challenges while managing the staff in which one of the key challenges is to develop managerial effectiveness. The challenge of developing the related skills like time management and prioritization and decision making is become hard in such a highly competitive market. Workload has increased and one person has to deal with different projects at the same time due to which juggling with priorities is always an issue. Another major challenge is guiding change as all the individuals in an organization are not ready to accept change instantly (Ray, 2013). It becomes critical issue to manage change and overcome resistance to change and deal with the reaction of employees at the time of implementation of a change. Some employees adapt the change very easily while some resist it in a different manner and it becomes really difficult to manage those employees at that point of time (Lopez, 2014). Apart from this, another major challenge involved in leading and managing staff may include balancing the needs of the organization as well as the needs of people working for it. It is very important to make all the employees realize that their organization value their sacrifices and respect their needs. In this regard, a leader has to make sure that fulfillment of needs of an individual should not impact the growth of an organization in order to manage staff in an appropriate manner (Kotter, 2001). 6. Recommendations for Responding to Two Challenges involved in Leading a Team in Line with Organizational and Legal It is really necessary to manage and resolve all the challenges which are involved in leading a team in order to make the staff to work with the fullest efficiency. In this regard, it is important to make sure that employers do not overload employees with work to overcome the challenge of developing relevant skills. It has been stated by the government that a company cannot overload an employee with work and an effective leader makes sure to follow all the government legislations. In order to improve the working environment and prevent the factory workers from being exploited, the government decided to launch some provisions for them in which they cannot be compelled to work overtime. Henceforth, it has been recommended to leaders to manage the working hours of employees and labors so that they can finish their tasks on time without working for late hours or overtime (Kotter, 2001). Another major challenge that leaders may face is resistance of employees during the implementation of a new change. It is true that it is wrong to go for change management very frequently as it becomes hard for employees to adapt to changes very frequently. But, there are some changes which are important to implement to ensure the better functioning of an organization. Hence, it is suggested to leaders to make employees to implement changes with delighted faces by provoking the advantages of that particular change. This can be done by stating the merits of that change for the growth of an organization as well as for their career advancement. Apart from this, it is recommended to a leader to introduce corporate counsel to change management strategy and determine how legal departments can utilize it to embrace the change fully with the main aim to meet legal requirement of a change (Algahtani, 2014). 7. Importance of Leading Individuals and Teams by Example It is evident that good leaders always lead by example as leadership is an essential procedure by which one individual influences the behaviors, attributes and thoughts of other individuals and teams. Leaders set an example for others to make them to work on the right path and leading by example is the quality of a successful leader. The leaders who lead by example always follow ethics and make sure that their actions do not harm others. Ethics are contemplated as the significant part of a leadership as it makes the followers to understand the importance of ethics (Robinson, 2014). The foremost part of leading by example is that they practice what they preach and they push their people forward with bulk of excitement, motivation, vision and trust. Henceforth, it can be said that the leaders who lead by example make its team members to trust them blindly which help them to push their limits to attain the major tasks. Apart from this, when an individual is asked to do something then, he might feel some kind of dilemma while performing the task but on the other hand, he may perform up to his best potential if his leader lead by example. This would clear all the doubts and his leaders actions would convince him to respond in a positive manner to gain proper organizational outcomes without any kind of difficulty (Hernndez, 2016). Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that effective leadership is like a ladder to achieve organizational targets. In this regard, leaders and managers may face some difficulties and challenges to manage and lead team in an effective manner. Some of the significant strategies have been discussed in the above section to overcome such challenges in order to ensure effective leadership and management. References Adeniyi, M.A. 2007 Effective Leadership Management: An Integration of Styles, Skills Character for Today's CEOs. AuthorHouse. Aldag, R. and Kuzuhara, L. 2015 Creating High Performance Teams: Applied Strategies and Tools for Managers and Team Members. Routledge. Algahtani, A. 2014. Are Leadership and Management Different? A Review, Journal of Management Policies and Practices, 2 (3), pp. 71-82. Bertocci, D.I. 2009 Leadership in Organizations: There is a Difference Between Leaders and Managers. University Press of America. Gibson, C.B. and Cohen, S.G. 2003 Virtual Teams That Work: Creating Conditions for Virtual Team Effectiveness. John Wiley Sons. Hernndez, E. 2016 Leading Creative Teams: Management Career Paths for Designers, Developers, and Copywriters. Apress. Kotter, J. P. 2001 What leaders really do?, Harvard Business Review, 79 (11), p.85-96. Kotterman, J. 2006 Leadership versus management: Whats the difference?, The Journal for Quality and Participation, 29(2), pp. 13-17. Kotterman, J. 2006 Leadership vs Management: Whats the difference?, Journal for Quality Participation, 29 (2), p.13-17. Lopez, R. 2014 The Relationship between Leadership and Management: Instructional Approaches and its Connections to Organizational Growth, Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 6 (1), pp. Northouse, P.G. 2010 Leadership: Theory and Practice. SAGE. Ray, A. 2013 Important Leadership Theories in the Realm of Management Sciences. GRIN Verlag. Robinson, S.A. 2014 Lead by Example: An Insiders Look at How to Successfully Lead in Corporate America and Entrepreneurship. Diversity Woman Media, LLC. Shahrill, M. 2014 Exploring educational administration: The relationship between leadership and management, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 4(1), pp. 525-538.

Strategic Management for Innovation Through Business

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management for Innovation Through Business. Answer: Introduction: United parcel service was established in Seattle, Washington in the year 1907 by James E. Casey and was initially named as American Messenger Company. However, in 1919 the business was renamed as United Parcel Service. After a decade, United Parcel Service established itself as the first package delivery service company which provides air service with the help of private airlines. In the preceding year, the company extended to the east coast began its processes in New York. By the end of 1975 United Package Service developed the first company to serve each address that was in United States and commenced international service by 1985. In the year 1992, United Parcel Service commenced tracking every ground packages and developed their own websites by the year 1994. With the help of personal digital assistant (PDA) users were provided the facilities of calculating their shipping rates with the help of text messages or any other form of wireless communication device(ups.com 2016). Presently, United Parcel Service is regarded as the leader of parcel transporter and became the major business in the logistics company in terms of the revenues and profit generated. Current strategy of UPS: Competitive strategy of UPS is understood as the process through which a business is splits itself from their competition prevailing in the same market or industry. UPS separates its product through product industry wide differentiation instead of emphasising on the price as the UPS focuses on providing best services to its customers across the industry. The current strategy of UPS is relatively aimed at providing inexpensive service which can assist the customers ship packages practically across any part of the world. Though the prices in recent years have increased but the quality and degree of services provided has not degraded as UPS continuous to provide great customers service and timely delivery of services(ups.com 2016). With the implementation of new and innovative technology UPS have been able to deliver products at the door steps of customers across 220 countries and territories. The process of market segmentation for UPS is based on industry wise due to the wide range of customers and numerous locations though it continuous to remain reliable. It is evident that its competitors have lowered the cost however UPS defines that it continuous to handle large volume of delivery packages than their customers with the objective of providing guaranteed satisfaction (ups.com 2016). UPS have currently greater strives in delivering customers packages by going ahead of time and reaching out its branches on a international basis. With the growing of business, it has become easier for UPS to reach out its customers and conduct business in overseas markets as well. Figure 1: UPS cost differentiation strategy (Source Dagnino 2016) The above stated business model reflects the cost and differentiation strategy through which the company functions and operates. Originally the company targets the industry wide segment or one segment of the specific market and in the later stages it provides product and services at competitive cost by focusing more on customers satisfaction. Analysis of appropriate framework for analysing environment faced by organisation: To understand the strategic position of UPS within the logistics services PEST and Porters five forces analysis have been conducted to better understand the strategic position including the international services as well (Hill and Jones 2013). These forces help in understanding the ability of the organisation to meet the goals and carry out its strategy in the logistics industry. PEST Analysis: Political analysis: Political consists of the items such as taxes, labour laws, mandated services and government influence (Rachet2014.). As a leader of logistics services UPS is responsible to its shareholders and the government of Saudi Arabia. The political factors include Liberalisation of international trade International trade regulations and limitations Expansion for infrastructure and information technologies Economic analysis: The economic analysis consists of the factors which included interest rates, exchange and rate of inflation along with the economic conditions prevailing within the industry or organisation. The economic challenges for UPS is directly related with challenges high cost of labour and its prevailing union contracts(ups.com 2016). The analysis of economic factors provides an overview of Economic integration Globalisation of economic growth Stage of business cycle Confidence relating to consumer Social analysis: The analysis of the social factors consists of the cultural, demographics and social trends. The sociocultural factors consist of the consumer spending large amount of time on online mode with the increasing in the number of purchases being made online (Team 2013). The sociocultural factors include Changes in lifestyle of both domestic and local consumers Growing populations with increased growth in urbanisation and higher incidence of growth in metropolises. Technological analysis: The technological factors of UPS consist of the level of acceptance and the degree of innovation in the supply of logistics. The technological elements of UPS of consist of the following Developing nationwide communication E-commerce E-shipping Energy use and cost involved in delivery Changes made in the information technology Porters five forces analysis of UPS: According to Michael E. Porter a business is up with five forces which can create an impact on the profitability of the business and its sustainability within the industry (Bischoff 2016). The five forces are the bargaining power of the customers, threat possessed by the substitute product, bargaining ability of the supplier, threat possessed by new market entrant and prevalent of competitive rivalry among the industry. Bargaining power of customers: (Low) The bargaining power of consumers highlights the effect that the create over a business. For UPS the bargaining supremacy of consumers is relatively low since the company has large number of loyalty customers. It is evident because there are less logistics companies that can offer the same service, which UPS can provide (Lee, Kim and Park 2012). Hence, even if the customers establish a business globally they will continue to possess lower bargaining power as UPS is established across the world and there are not many places where UPS cannot provide its service. Threat of substitute products: (Low) Threat of substitute goods is referred as auxiliary goods or services, which the customer can use as an alternative of business or services. UPS relatively faces lower threat from its substitute products as there are not large number of companies, which provides the shipping facilities across the globe. A rival company may use his employees to drive the product or packages to required destination however; such measure would be costly and could turn very inefficient process of delivering an item (Dobbs, 2014). Hence, UPS offers its services to those companies and individuals that remain dependent on their day-to-day operations. Bargaining power of suppliers: (Medium) The suppliers force of UPS is termed as medium since the dealers have the control over few characteristics of UPS operations. UPS does not alone own all trailers and delivery vans used in packaging vans as companies like Swift Transportation have bargaining forces while renting their vehicles. Furthermore, UPS has also entered the contract with Boeing Company so that they cannot increase the price of air carrier whereas another supplier have limited control over the gasoline companies. The suppliers are thus restricted on imposing charges on per gallons of gases used. Threat of new entrant: (Low) Threat of new entrant is characterised as level of difficulty possessed in the business. For UPS the threat possessed by the new entrant is considered as low there are prevailing barriers of high investment cost to commence operations and economies of large obtainable to UPS (Bischoff 2016). A large volume of investment is mandatory to start a delivery company and with economies of large scale, UPS can afford to charge lower price for packages since the company handles large number of units on daily basis. Rivalry amongst prevailing companies: (Medium) Rivalry represents current situations of existing participants in one specific industries that offer the identical goods or service. For UPS the rivalry amongst its competitors is medium since the company faces intense competitions from other delivery companies like Fed Ex, DHL and USPS. UPS though remains the standard-bearer of the logistics industry and well established companies as amazon outsources the flagship service of UPS as the company is known to handle large number of units than DHL or USPS. Analysis of strategic capabilities of UPS: It is often regarded as difficult to move outside the core competency and handle logistics to generate higher value customer services. Logistics forms the core competency for UPS as a network of strategically located distribution centres minimises the capital investment (ups.com 2016). Through services provided by UPS helps the company to access the established network and Information technology to gain advantages of cost and services without the capital cost and risk of investing. Positioning products closer to their customers: UPS network of facilities provides the company with the optimum amount of inventory and helps in reducing the time involved in transit. UPS through its wide spread distribution services network it can reach around 99% of the populations in two days through its ground delivery systems (ups.com 2016). UPS helps in matching the right cost by reaching its customers efficiently across the country or around the globe. Its customers can rely on the global and transportation services of its experienced staff to design effective solution through its wide network and transportation modes. Integrated system of managing shipments and inventories: UPS Information technology systems offers facilities of tracking shipment and obtain necessary information, which is needed in fulfilling the orders and optimising the product inventory (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson 2012). UPS service distribution network offers inbound receiving, storage services, replenishment, standardised management reports, inventory returns etc. Thus, under a new competitive environment, UPS strategy is to sustain the business of core packaging through improved supply chain and financial power provides UPS a competitive edge over FedEx and DHL. Stakeholder analysis: UPS consider the stakeholder engagement as an essential element of its corporate governance. The company serves more than 220 countries with millions either of investors having shares in their portfolios directly or through mutual funds. Regular communications with employees, customers, investors, community leaders, public officials and suppliers forms an essential part of the analysis. UPS considers formal and informal channels essential in conducting its business as well as developing and implementing its sustainable strategies (ups.com 2016). One of the oldest logistics company, UPS have been engaged with its stakeholders for decades. The company has the long-standing viewpoint of constructive dissatisfaction as it continuously looks forward to help its customers, employees and its stakeholder to do more. UPS believes that this can help in bringing new ideas for the company and conduct an ongoing engagement with its broad range of stakeholders (Chevalier 2016). Stakeholder mapping: Stakeholders Action/Response a. Socially accountable investors Holding a facilitated session to conduct discussion on material issues which is relevant in European regions b. Employees Generating solicited feedback from employees based on handling of packages and improved tracking. c. Customers Developing questions based on internal market research projects and segmented focussed on high tech industry d. Suppliers Formalising a regional sustainability governance structure to empower small and medium sized enterprise to access global markets. Table 1: Stakeholder Mapping of UPS (Source Chevalier 2016) Undertaking a New Strategy Considering the importance of strategic management in gaining competitive advantages in the organization, UPS can develop several strategies in the future years. From evaluation of the effectiveness of Porters generic strategies model, it can be stated that competitive advantage takes place from the generic strategies implementation that fits the organizational environment (Watts, Cope and Hulme 2012). The competitive strategies those can be adopted by UPS Company encompass cost leadership and differentiation strategies. From the porters five forces analysis it is served that the power of suppliers of UPS Company is quite low, for this reason, the company can implement product differentiation strategy (Watts, Cope and Hulme 2012). From the strategic position analysis of UPS Company, it is observed that the company is positioned well among its competitors and the services along with the products offered by the company are highly differentiated. Despite that, to attain more differentiation in term services, the company can consider implementing differentiation strategy (Watts, Cope and Hulme 2012). Another strategy from the porters generic strategies that can serve to be effective for the UPS Company is focus strategy. In this strategy, the company can consider implementing cost leadership or differentiation strategy. To develop effective corporate growth strategies, UPS Company can develop strategies based on Ansoff Matrix in which the company can focus on its present and potential services and the markets (Watts, Cope and Hulme 2012). Ansoff matrix can support in developing a range of strategies for UPS Company that can help it in gaining a competitive edge. For instance, market penetration strategy can serve as an effective strategy for the company in attaining completive advantage in certain countries. Moreover, the marketing strategy and the promotional mix present in the UPS Company require extreme improvement and great focus (Hussain et al. 2013). UPS Company must develop effective strategies to maintain its position as the leading provider of specialised transportation, capital, logistics and e-commerce services. At the time, the product development strategy can bring out effective solutions for the company particularly within the non-convergent communities that focuses on the importance of the development of specialised UPS services to address the demands of the consumers those seek for superior quality carrier and package delivery services (Watts, Cope and Hulme 2012). How the Current Strategy Fits With the Organisation, Its Stakeholders and Strategic Capability Strategic fit of the proposed strategies with business environment and fit with the strategic objectives of stakeholders is evaluated to identify and offer justification for the strategy that can be pursued by the UPS Company in the future years. The table below presents proper evaluation and comparison of the proposed strategies based on Ansoff Matrix and Porters Generic Strategies, in consideration to the strategies suitability, feasibility and acceptability (Banker, Mashruwala and Tripathy2014). Table 1: Proposed Strategies for USB Company Proposed Strategies Feasibility Acceptance Suitability Differentiation Moderate feasibility as great market research is needed to identify the required resources Moderate acceptance as risks are involved in developing new services High suitability for USB Company offers differentiated services as per the culture and values of its target market segment Cost leadership Increased feasibility for the reason that bargaining power of suppler is low High acceptance for it addresses the objectives of retaining its recent consumers High suitability as it effectively deals with low supplier power Differentiation and focus Low feasibility as increased resources are needed for the marketing activities and service development Moderate acceptance due to decreased associated risks Moderate suitability for this strategy can deal with the threat of substitution at the time service is differentiated Cost focus High feasibility for as no resources will be required for this strategy Moderate acceptance from stakeholders for it attains developed objectives. Moderate suitability as it can deal with the threat of new entrants Market Development Low feasibility for it needs huge financial and human resources Low acceptance for UPS Company has positioned its business in all the suitable markets High suitability for it will help in market penetration considering the buying power of consumers is low. Market penetration Low feasibility as it needs to focus on the existing efforts on the available market Moderate acceptance as it supports organizational objectives with less risks Moderate suitability as it deals with the recent competition and in consideration to the effective marketing Diversification High acceptance as this is extremely risky High suitability as it deals with certain concerns such as threat of new entrants Moderate feasibility as it will not require huge resources for the company mainly offers services. Service development Low acceptance as such strategy on being unsuccessful can adversely impact the organizational performance High acceptance as it is aligned with the culture of the company Low suitability as service development requires increased research and development initiatives and marketing strategies (Source: Ansoff 2013) In consideration to the evaluation of the proposed strategies, diversification and cost leadership strategies are deemed highly suitable for UPS Company in gaining competitive advantages. UPS Company can implement both the strategies in order: Increase its loyal consumer base within the competitive markets through employing cost leadership services (Dagnino 2016). Enhance the business performance within competitive markets with the service diversification strategy and through developing unique specialised transportation, capital, logistics and e-commerce services. For attaining increasing profits that supports the business activities of UPS Company through implementing cost leadership strategies that can help in decreasing overall operational cost of the company (Watts, Cope and Hulme 2012). After implementing the selected strategies USB Company can make sure that, it has constant focus on its strategic capabilities and competitive advantages. Before implementing the proposed strategies in future, UPS Company is recommended to evaluate certain aspects that can affect effective implementation of its strategic plan (Magretta 2013). The company must make sure that the decided strategic plan can be supported with the existing resources and objective of the company. Execution of the new strategic plan of the company must consider regulate strategic planning, formulation, execution along with regular monitoring and evaluation (Watts, Cope and Hulme 2012). Analysis of strategic actions over the past five years to determine the balance of emergent and intended approaches: UPS strategic vision has changed over the years as it is still focussed on serving customers at low cost given the scenario of changing trends and advancement made in technology. During the year 2010, the basic strategy was to be the leading provider of packaged delivery however by 2015 became the global leader in e-commerce. This is because of technological advancement made in transport and communication, which increased the trend towards globalization of supply and markets. This strategically created an impact on the UPS and their traditional consumers, which ultimately opened the opportunity to serve new customers such as online retailers or new customers in other countries (ups.com 2016). Their changed strategy led to the recognition of worldwide business model by advancement made in the technology and internet, which shifted the control from seller to buyer. In this new competitive environment, UPS strategy is to sustain their core package delivery business and preparing for the future by using the technology introduced. UPS aligns with such emergent technological advancement as it facilitates in assembly of goods based on the demand of customers and adjusting the inventory to buffer the demand fluctuations. Future evaluations of strategies: Eight years after such emergent change in technology made for air package delivery across the hub UPS has completed a significant $1 billion expansion of World port. The port has increased its sorting capacity to approximately 416,000 units per hour, which represent 37% of its sorting capacity (ups.com 2016). The increasing demand for hub capacity for UPS is driven by long-term growth needs in the companys overseas express shipping business. The expansion facility will continue to feature the new technology with well-recognised programmes of minority contracting and state of the art equipment. Conclusion: To conclude with the report different business strategies with porters five forces along with the collaboration of Stakeholder analysis have been conducted. It is evident from the analysis that UPS is relatively aimed at providing inexpensive service, which can assist the customers ship packages practically across any part of the world. UPS splits its merchandise through industry wide product differentiation instead of emphasising on the price as the UPS focuses on providing best services to its customers across the industry. With the growing of business, it has become easier for UPS to reach out its customers and conduct business in overseas markets. Reference List Ansoff, H.I., 2013. Ansoff Matrix.QuickMBA: Strategic Management, pp.1-2. Banker, R., Mashruwala, R. and Tripathy, A., 2014. Does a differentiation strategy lead to more sustainable financial performance than a cost leadership strategy?.Management Decision,52(5), pp.872-896. Beaton, G. and Kaschner, I., 2016. Porters five forces and maister maxed out.Remaking law firms: Why and how (2016th ed., pp. 37-44). Chicago: American Bar Association. Bischoff, A.L., 2016.Porters Five Forces. Innovation through Business, Engineering and Design: How does rivalry in a market as well as customer expectations influence the process of a design concept from a business perspective?. GRIN Verlag. Chevalier, J.M., 2016. Stakeholder analysis and natural resource management. Dagnino, G.B., 2016. Business Strategy. David, F. and David, F.R., 2016. Strategic Management: A Competitive Advantage Approach, Concepts and Cases. Dobbs, M., 2014. Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates.Competitiveness Review,24(1), pp.32-45. Hill, C.W. and Jones, G.R., 2013.Strategic management theory. South-Western/Cengage Learning. Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R.E., 2012.Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Hussain, S., Khattak, J., Rizwan, A. and Latif, M.A., 2013. ANSOFF matrix, environment, and growth-an interactive triangle.Management and Administrative Sciences Review,2(2), pp.196-206. Lee, H., Kim, M.S. and Park, Y., 2012. An analytic network process approach to operationalization of five forces model.Applied Mathematical Modelling,36(4), pp.1783-1795. Lim, S.L., Damian, D., Ishikawa, F. and Finkelstein, A., 2013. Using Web 2.0 for stakeholder analysis: StakeSource and its application in ten industrial projects. InManaging requirements knowledge(pp. 221-242). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Magretta, J., 2013.Understanding Michael Porter: The essential guide to competition and strategy. Harvard business press. Rachet, B., 2014. PESTEL analysis and Porters Five Forces For Innocent Drinks Company.Docs. school Publications. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. McGraw-Hill. Team, F.M.E., 2013. PESTLE Analysis.Strategy Skills. Ups.com. (2016).Shipping, Freight, Logistics and Supply Chain Management from UPS. [online] Available at: https://www.ups.com/ [Accessed 24 Nov. 2016]. Watts, G., Cope, J. and Hulme, M., 2012. Ansoff's Matrix, pain and gain: Growth strategies and adaptive learning among small food producers. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior Research, 4(2), pp.101-111. Yksel, I., 2012. Developing a multi-criteria decision making model for PESTEL analysis.International Journal of Business and Management,7(24), p.52.

Reaction Paper to Amish in America Essay Example

Reaction Paper to Amish in America Paper Nick Stratton Professor Taylor soc 204 May 13, 2013 Reaction Paper to Amish in America In our society today, we have many different groups, religions, cultures, and even sub-cultures. Each one of these groups has their own commonly accepted way of life. In particular, there is a very large community of people who call themselves the Amish. These people live in a society where there are very strict rules, values, and beliefs that they follow on a daily basis. Most modern Americans would strongly reject the lifestyle chosen by the Amish, so it can seem surprising to learn that this group is actually growing. Why is this possible? I believe the Amish are growing because they are approaching a stage in their world where they must adapt their ways or fail to thrive. The Amish have always been a people of the old country; they were taught a way of doing things while still following a very strict moral and religious code. We will write a custom essay sample on Reaction Paper to Amish in America specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Reaction Paper to Amish in America specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Reaction Paper to Amish in America specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to the video that we watched in class, when they were doing the documentary on the Amish people, they only wanted to be videotaped in profile in order to have those outside their culture believe they are all one homogenous group. In fact, their religious faith is ultimately the foundation for the reason for everything from what hey wear to what they drive. Ever since the day a child is born into an Amish family, they begin the process of training the child to obey their system of values and beliefs that defines their way of life. This socialization process is crucial to their way of building a strong sense of connection to the rest of their community. As the youth transition from childhood to adulthood, according to the video The America of the Amish, the adolescents are given a period of time between the ages of 16 and 20 during which they are allowed to experience many things outside the Amish culture and norms, without fear of reprisal. This period of time is known as Rumspringa, basically translated from German to mean Jumping around. However, not all Amish people were born into the culture. In the video, we saw a mother and two daughters Join an Amish community after leaving California and moving to Intercourse, Pennsylvania. I believe they did this because the Amish life has a simpler and more straightforward way of doing things. This allows people in the community to live a much more stress free life. In addition, living in an Amish commune adds a sense of safety, security, and overall wellbeing. As th e Amish evolve, they are experiencing more modern techniques to ccomplish day to day tasks. They still dont use electricity but, unlike when the elders held obstinately to the prescribed way, now Amish people have embraced certain advances in technology in order to increase efficiency in their daily life. Men and women have also embraced different ways of earning money other than through agricultural means on their own farm site. One case in point is Amish people running a stand at a local market using electricity in order to make a pront pure fact that the Amish are learning to evolve in todays society is the reason I believe that the Amish community as a whole is growing in the United States.

law respecting

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. Two clauses in the First Amendment guarantee freedom of religion. The establishment clause prohibits the government from passing legislation to establish an official religion or preferring one religion to another. It enforces the "separation of church and state". The free exercise clause prohibits the government, in most instances, from interfering with a person's practice of their religion. In determining weather the a governmental practice is violate the First Amendment Establishment Clause, the Courts have developed the "Lemon Test." The Lemon Test organized in the Court's 1971 Lemon v. Kurtzman, is a three-pronged inquiry: 1) Does the challenged legislation or activities have a legitimate secular purpose? 2) Does the legislation or activity have a primary effect that neither advances nor inhibits religion? and 3) Does the legislation or activity excessively entangle government with religion? Several cases that demonstrate the use of the Lemon Test are Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District argued February 24, 1993 Decided June 18, 1993. The issued raised was whether the State may refuse to pay for a deaf child's sign language interpreter in a parochial school. The school district has successfully argued in the U.S. District Court and in the U.S. Court of Appeals (9th Circuit) that permitting a government-funded interpreter to work in a Catholic school would have the primary effect of advancing religion by constituting public aid to a religious institution, which violates the effects prong of the Lemon test. It was also held that paying for the sign language interpreter in a Catholic school would create, in the eyes of Zobrest's Cath

FACTORS OF JOB SATISFACTION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

FACTORS OF JOB SATISFACTION - Essay Example There are other employees who are said to be designed for the corporate sector who would like to face challenges at work and feel satisfied after meeting their targets. The case study has ample examples of the latter employees who work and travel so much that they hardly get time to breathe, figuratively speaking. Job Design and Job Satisfaction The examples of John Irene David and Tony reflect on how satisfied with their jobs. It can be seen that they have different motivating factors. You many find many people complaining about excessive travelling, sleepless nights and extra working hours. But Irene, John, David and Tony seem to have adjusted well with their jobs although it seems that the jobs they are doing are pretty hectic and stressful. It is their agreeableness to work under such conditions and adaptability that may be said to lead to their job satisfaction. Job satisfaction can be defined as the level of gratification an employee feels towards the respective job. It can be subject to a person's capability to undertake the required tasks, the quality of communication within a firm and the management’s approach towards the employees. Job satisfaction is often difficult to quantify and varies from person to person. The firms interested in finding out the level of job satisfaction of their workers, frequently conduct surveys and assessments to verify the kind of strategies which need to be implemented in order to enhance job satisfaction. The analysis of the connection between job satisfaction and job performance has an argumentative history. The Hawthorne studies, which were carried out in the 1930s, are repeatedly attributed to making the researchers responsive of the consequences of worker’s attitudes on performance. Following the Hawthorne findings, analysts started pondering over the idea critically which explained that a happy worker leads to a better productivity. The major part of the former reviews of the abstracts recommended an un substantial and rather contradictory link between job satisfactions The job characteristics model consists of skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy and feedback (Slideshare.net. 2013). Irene from the example is from the bond- trading has substantial effects on the profits of many investors. Autonomy is the independence the employee has to design he work for his/her own comfort. Feedback is the degree to which the job needs feedback for the activities undertaken to ensure that the work done is effective and is being done in the right way. Irene would need to check results if she needs to see if what she is doing is in the best interest of investors. Skill variety is the level to which the job needs the performance of various activities for example the different tasks the investment banker needs to do. Task identity is the extent to which a job requires to be completed on time. Task significance is the importance of the job to the lives of other people. Job design defines the details of a job and designates the tasks and responsibilities of the post, the process of doing the job and the interaction between the seniors and the subordinates. Job design is an integral factor of the recruitment process and staff morale. Provided that the jobs are designed appropriately, resourceful managers will be attracted towards the organisation. The employees would be highly motivated to enhance the efficiency and productivity of the organisation. On the other hand, if the jobs are poorly designed, it would end in absenteeism, high staff turnover, differences, and other work related issues. The examples above have one factor in common, they are all of highly successful employees and their

Establishing a Healthy Work Environment by Improving Nurse and CNA Essay

Establishing a Healthy Work Environment by Improving Nurse and CNA Communication - Essay Example Nurses are exposed to a lot of pressure every day. This makes them vulnerable to living in an unhealthy work environment. Improving nurse and CNA communication regarding patient care are a perfect solution to this menace. Through the umbrella of the CAN, nurses are able to share their experiences regarding patient care. They are able to identify imminent danger and contain it in reasonable time. These would ensure the establishment of a healthy working condition for nurses comes to pass. The CNA is a union of laborers in the Nursing profession in the United States. Its members are all nurses by profession. They have practiced in the profession for varied lengths of time. Their collective knowledge is intense. Through enhancing communication between the members of the CAN, it is possible to establish a healthy working environment for all nurses. The world is currently moving towards making the work environment a safe haven. There is a race against time to see to it that the working en vironment is cozy and healthy for nurses. Literature review Nurses have for long suffered from a lot of work related mistreatment. These are the main sources of the lack of a healthy working environment in the nursing profession. Nurses are always burdened by enormous workloads. These leave them altogether fatigued and unable to give their best input in the work place. The moral of the nurses is killed entirely. They attend to their patients grudgingly. A worldwide survey indicates that the number of nurses in most health centers is particularly acute. A truly alarming number of patients are under the care of a single nurse. The nurses end up suffering from a lot of stress and burnout. They are compelled to take time off from work as a result of this. They are extremely vulnerable to falling sick not just due to the burnout but also by accidentally contracting ailments from their patients. They are constantly being nagged. This makes them unable to fully concentrate. They end up ign oring bits and pieces of the fundamental order of operation of the nursing profession. In the end, they inflict harm not just to the health of their patients, but to their own health as well. Many players in the healthcare environment have employed a lot of energy in an effort to curb problems related with the unhealthy working environment for nurses. Scholars have undertaken extensive research in trying to yield a lasting solution. So far, all these have been in vain. Change or process improvement project definition Owing to the fact that nurses have suffered for long, it is high time that a lasting solution is found for their problem. This is only achievable by establishing a resound nurse and CNA communication regarding patient care. By so doing, the nurses are able to take the load off their back. Like they say, a problem shared is a problem half solved. This applies to sharing the problem with a non professional in the field in questions. Using the proposed solution to the prob lem that the nurses are facing, they are on the contrary being poised to share their problems with professionals in the field in question. Needles to say, this will not only half solve their problems, but will actually eliminate them totally. CNA is a union of nurses in the United States of America which was established over six decades ago. It was established with the key purpose of collectively advocating for the rights of nurses in the United States. It has been hugely vibrant in calling for the registration of

Fanatic perceptions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fanatic perceptions - Essay Example Fanatic perceptions Support is important in every area of life. The support is given to players from fans. The fans have different types of antics that are used to lift up the player’s spirits and encourage them to endure. It is true in the sense that this spirit lifting renders a subtle affect that helps the players get on with the game. Fans and spectators may differ on opinions of what they see and what they believe. It is this inner reaction that is produced by the fans that give off different emotions during the game. Some fans have so much energy built up for the game that they become fanatics. The fanatic can sometimes have violent outbursts while being so caught up in the game. These types of violent actions happens in more cases then are needed. Fans become so caught up in the game that excitement is quickly turned into anger and violence. This anger and violence can be dangerous to those nearby. A good example of how these fanatics lose their self control and cause violence is demonstra ted in an incident that recently happened. The incident happened at a game between the Boston Celtics and the Utah Jazz. Viewing this particular game can demonstrate how fans lose self control. The NBA game held between the two teams could have been prevented by self control. The game shows how spectators come from different walks of life. The spectators from the game have different opinions and feelings toward the game. Not everyone in the crowd will share the same beliefs. Some spectators are attending the game to experience a good time. This is proven by the many beer bottles and whistled that surround this type of spectators. Other spectator’s attend games because of the dedication they have to the home team. These spectators dress in colors of the team they adore. The spectators also may purchase season tickets so that no game is missed. Many bring cameras in hopes to catch that perfect shot which can be kept as a sacred memory. Whichever way the spectator has chosen to show his or her appreciation, it is easily shown. Regardless of the sport, each fan has their own motivation that persuades them to be a fan. These fans are what bring the spirit to the game. Alt hough each fan may have a different motive, the fan is there for one reason and that reason is to support the team. The way people of different walks of life are able to come together and cheer on a team shows dedication. Some fans are so caught up in the moment that they put all ethics aside and turn to violence. This is clearly reviled in an incident at an NBA game. A game between the Celtics and the Jazz left people injured and fans in an outrage. During the game, â€Å"the filmmaker was even struck blurring the camera from taking clear shots of the event†. (gazette.com) Incidents of violence happen quite often, and can often be prevented. The different ways that the fans link their personalities to support the same team are similar to the writings of Karl Marx. These incidents between the fans and the games follow them for the rest of their lives. This is also true with writing created by Karl Marx. KARL MARX People from all over the world have different perceptions on ev ents that happen around them. It is certain that each person in life will hold a different viewpoint then the person next to them. This is true for everything in life. The different perceptions that are shown from the players are similar to the

SLA: Language Acquisition Vs Learning

SLA: Language Acquisition Vs Learning Bilingualism 10/1/17 Introduction to Bilingualism During this lecture, I learned the definition and the importance of bilingualism. Throughout the years, the definition of bilingualism has changed slowly from possesses native-like control of two or more languages (Bloomfield, 1933) to operates in two languages on a daily basis (David, 1999, pg 157). As well as this, I also came to realise that there are a number of interconnected issues that affect bilingualism such as race, power, society, and culture. This interested me because I did not realise how much in the world affects bilingualism and how all of these issues are interconnected. For example, if a family are racist and have strong political views against immigrants, they are less likely to support bilingualism and their child/children are less likely to be open to learning a new language due to their parents views. Learning about bilingualism and understanding the importance of it will help me in my role as a teacher as it will help me to make bilingual children feel more com fortable and welcome in my classroom[A1]. In this lecture, we were put into groups and given a scenario about a bilingual child coming into the school. In the group that I was part of, our scenario was a young Spanish girl coming into primary 2. In our group, we discussed the importance of making this child feel welcome and ensuring that she understood what was going. To begin with, we thought that asking the child if she feels comfortable enough to share her background with class would be a good way to show her that as her teacher, I am interested in where she has come from while at the same establishing the level of English the child understands and can utilize. We also thought that having, for example, the colours up on a wall display in both English and Spanish would help the child to differentiate between both languages and get used to the English whilst still having the comfort of her first language. Using the Learning in 2+ Languages (2005) document during this lecture made me realise how important bilingualism is and how beneficial it can be for both young children and adults. I learned that bilingualism does not delay a childs cognitive development like some believe but brings a number of cognitive advantages such as a greater creative potential and a greater awareness of how languages operate. 17/1/17 Second Language Acquisition: Language Acquisition Vs Learning Throughout this session, I was introduced to a number of different hypotheses, and their criticisms, surrounding how a person acquires / learns a different language. According to Krashens Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis (1982) there are two distinct processes to learning a language: Acquisition or acquiring a language and Learning a language. Acquiring a language refers to the passive process of obtaining the subtleties of a language through natural learning however learning a language refers to the active process in which learners become aware of the rules of the language they are trying to learn. However, McLaughlin (1978) states that this theory is impossible to prove. This interested me as I had never realised that there was a belief that acquiring and learning a language were two different processes. Reflecting back to my own experiences of learning a language[A2], I was always taught the rules and grammar of language rather than acquiring it through natural processes therefore, in my own opinion, I believe that they are definitely two separate processes but I also believe that these are closely inter-connected. For me, the most interesting hypothesis that we were introduced to in this lecture was The Affective Filter Hypothesis. This is the idea that emotional variables can have an effect and prevent someone from learning a language. These include motivation, self-confidence, and anxiety. The lower the affective filter, the more language the student will acquire. This shows that a child with low self-confidence may not pick up a language as easily as a child with high self-confidence. According to the ONS Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey (2004), 2.2% or about 96,000 children have an anxiety disorder. This shows that most likely, teachers will be faced with the challenge of trying to teach a language to a child who cannot acquire it as easily as the other children in the class. However, Krashen claims[A3] that children do not have the same affective filter as adults but also experience differences related to the affective filters. An affective filter only accounts for individual var iation in language acquisition, it cannot be applied to all children. As well as this, we also looked at the Count Us In A Sense of Belonging (2009) which highlighted the importance of improving the learning of some pupils. As well as this, the document made me aware of the shift in patters of migration, especially since 2004. Due to easier access and cheaper travel, the number of immigrants coming to Scotland has increased dramatically. Many of those immigrating to Scotland bring with them young children who have to be put into the schooling system. This Count Us In document emphasises the importance of teachers in supporting newly-arrived children and ensuring that they can access the curriculum. As a trainee primary teacher, this is extremely important to me as children must be able to access the curriculum in order to learn and succeed. 24/1/17 Language and Society Watching Jane Elliots experiments in prejudice both shocked me and intrigued me. The method that she uses to teach the children about discrimination is both effective and intriguing but it is also very wrong. However, this experiment took place in the 1960s therefore even though it is wrong in the current educational context, it may not have been as wrong then. By telling the children one day that the blue eyed people were better than the brown eyed people, it changed their attitudes towards each other drastically and even resulted in some children being aggressive to one another. As soon as the teacher mentions that the people with blue eyes are better and more superior than the children with brown eyes, the brown eyed children look upset and shocked whereas the blue eyed children think it is funny and they are excited. Jane Elliot forces the brown eyed children to wear collars and doesnt allow them to play on any of the playground equipment. She gives the blue eyed children special privileges and they take full advantage of these. In the reverse situation, the blue eyed children become upset and come to realise how the brown eyed children felt the day before. As well as this, we see that when the children are given privileges and are treated as superior, they do their work quicker and their learning is improved. At the end of this day, th e children all come back together and discuss how being discriminated against made them feel. One child described it as feeling like a dog on a leash. Many of the children came to realise that being discriminated against for something that you cannot control is one of the worst feelings and that no one should be discriminated against. This experiment made me realise that in my role as a primary teacher, it is essential to teach my pupils the importance of respecting everyone and treating everyone the same. Tomlinson (2005, pg 154) states that Failure to develop a curriculum for a multiethnic society has contributed to an increase in xenophobia and racism. This made me believe that equality is something that children need to become aware of at a young age and it is part of my job to make them aware of it. If, for example, a child of another race came into my classroom, my job would be to ensure that all the children in my classroom were respectful and did not treat them any different just because of the colour of their skin. While this experiment made me realise all of this, it also made me realise that when in a classroom, treating children differently can have a massive effect on their attitudes to one another therefore teachers need to be careful[A4]. 31/01/17 The Scottish Context The number of families immigrating to Scotland has increased throughout the years and, particularly in 2004, the number of immigrants that came to Scotland increased considerably (Count Us In, pg 2). During this lecture, we examined the statistics of both immigration and the number of immigrant children moving into new schools. For me as a developing primary teacher, it was interesting to see how the number of immigrants coming to Scotland affected the schooling statistics. The reasons that people move to another country can vary drastically. Many move for family reasons or new careers whereas others move because they want a place of safety. Immigration has a huge impact on both Scottish society and schools. As a society, we have to be more welcoming as a whole as well as just in the communities where the immigrants move to. Showing respect to all families and becoming aware of what some of these families will face every day is essential. When a family immigrate to Scotland and put their child(ren) into a school, it affects the school sector[A5]. As primary teachers, we must think about bilingualism and become aware of diversity. Inside the classroom, we have to ensure that the child is comfortable and understands what is going on at all times as it is our responsibility to make sure that they do not fall behind on the work and are learning. In my role as a primary teacher, it is important for me to expose children to a second language at a young age as this is the best window of opportunity and is more likely to lead the child to become bilingual than exposure to a second language in teenage or adult years. Many parents believe that they should not introduce a second language until they have fully established one language however it is more difficult to introduce a second language later on. As well as this, introducing a second language later on makes it difficult for parents to interact with this language and use it around the house. According to the Count Us In A Sense of Belonging document, a child learning a second language can benefit from a number of cognitive advantages that are associated with bilingualism. 14/02/17 Language and Identity The people that we spend the most time with have the biggest influence on our language and our identity. According to Baker (2006, pg 136) [A6]we construct our identities yet they are created and confined by other people, situations and influences on us. Everyone forms multiple social identities depending on the group and interactions with other people. Learning a second language is affected by our interactions with others and helps us to find a voice within a social group. As well as this, it is more than just gaining vocabulary and grammar, it is about being believed and being respected as language says things about our values and knowledge. There are many layers to our language and when we first learn to speak, we speak in the same ways as those around us. Introducing a second language at this stage can encourage a child to acquire the language quicker while learning it alongside their first language. During this lecture, we discussed the issues around age and second language acquisition. Younger learners are neither more nor less successful in second language acquisition than older learners however children who learn a second language in child do tend to achieve higher capability levels than those who begin after childhood. Even though length of exposure is an important factor in learning a second language, in a formal classroom setting, older learners tend to learn quicker than younger learners do.   In the early years, second language acquisition is dependent on the teacher providing suitable materials and resources to children and ensuring that learning is enjoyable. As a primary teacher, it is important to make learning a second language more enjoyable for my pupils through resources such as songs etc. By doing so, they are more likely to remember what I have taught them and they are more likely to be engaged in the lesson. 28/02/17 Supporting Bilingual Learners in the Classroom (1) Meeting the needs and supporting bilingual children is an essential role for a primary teacher. When a bilingual child first comes into a teachers classroom, it is important for you to find them a buddy that they can talk to, or if they are not comfortable talking, just listen to. This not only benefits the bilingual child, but there are also cognitive benefits for monolingual learners who work with bilingual learners and good practice for bilingual learners is good practice for all learners. In my role as a primary teacher, I need to ensure that I am supporting bilingual learners at all times as well as supporting all other children in my classroom. It is important to ensure that everyone in the classroom knows what is happening throughout[A7] every lesson. Cummins (1976) refers to The Threshold Theory which describes the relationship between cognition and the level of bilingualism. The theory is represented as a house which has three floors and two linguistic ladders, representing L1 and L2, on each side. The further up they are on the ladders and floors, the greater chance the children have of being bilingual and obtaining cognitive advantages. As well as this, Cummins (1980, 1981) uses an Iceberg Analogy and describes a common underlying proficiency between the first language (L1) and the second language (L2). Cummins explains that when using two or more languages, there is a common source where ideas come from meaning that individuals can use two or more language with ease. Listening, reading, speaking and writing in the L1 or L2 helps to develop the cognitive system however the language that the learner uses must be well developed in order to be able to process the cognitive challenges of the classroom. Towards the end of this lecture, we focused on discussing the importance of supporting the development of English as an additional language (EAL) in the classroom. New arrivals must feel welcomed and be placed in an appropriate group based on their age and ability meaning that the school and class teacher must take into account the childs previous education background. By carefully placing the child into an appropriate group, the teacher can carefully monitor them and take account of the advantages of collaborative learning. Class tasks must be appropriately planned and appropriately scaffolded to support EAL learners. Supporting beginners in English is essential and there are a number of strategies which can be used to help these children. For example, composing sentence halves to be matched or creating gaps in sentences to be filled. As previously mentioned, good practice for bilingual children is good practice for all children therefore activities like this not only help EAL learn ers but also help all other children in the classroom. Pairing a child who has a good grasp of the English language with an EAL learner can help when these activities take place as they can help the EAL learner to understand how the sentences work and why the halves go together if they do not fully grasp the concept. [A8] References Baker, C. (2011) Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. 5th Ed. McNaughton Gunn; USA Baker, C. (2006) Foundation of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 4th ed. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Bloomfield, L. (1933) Language. Holt; New York Cummins, J. (1976) The Influence of Bilingualism on Cognitive Growth: A Synthesis of Research Findings and Explanatory Hypotheses. Working Papers on Bilingualism, No. 9. David, T. (1999) Young Children Learning. Bilingual Children in a Monolingual Society. Sage: London Her Majestys Inspectorate of Education (2009) Count us in: A Sense of Belonging Meeting the Needs of Children and Young People Newly Arrived in Scotland. [Online] Available: http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/Images/cuimnnus_tcm4-618947.pdf [Accessed: 17/1/17]. Learning and Teaching Scotland (LTScotland). 2005. Learning in 2(+) languages. Ensuring effective inclusion for bilingual learners. Good practice for teachers, educational establishments and local authorities. Dundee: LTScotland. ONS Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey (2004) Accessed : http://www.youngminds.org.uk/training_services/policy/mental_health_statistics [Date Accessed: 17/1/17] Tomlinson, S. (2005b) Race, Ethnicity and Education under New Labour, Oxford, inOxford Review of Education Vol. 31, No. 1, March 2005, pp. 153-171 [A1]Good point [A2]good [A3](ibid.)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦? [A4]Good commentary [A5]How/in what way(s)? [A6] [A7]And why? [A8]Well written and fluent; make sure that all LOs can be covered by your choice of journal entries: we will discuss ICT Support in Business: Cisco Case Study ICT Support in Business: Cisco Case Study Ting Cheuk Sze Topic: How do you think ICT / Information System infrastructure and IT strategy at Cisco is supporting the business? (1451words) A) A short summary of Nolans (1973) stages of growth model Nolan describes a learning curve in the development of data processing in 1974 Harvard Business Review. Nolan believes that organizations need to understand the growth characteristics associated with each stage of development. Understanding this curve is conducive to help organizations effective implementation of information technology. The first version consisted the stages of initiation, Contagion, Control, Integration. It eventually expanded to six stages in 1979, which include Data administration and Maturity. Nolans main content of the stage model: Stage I, Initiation The organisation introduces computer system to increase its competitiveness. Data processing costs are lack of control, the establishment of information systems often do not pay attention to economic efficiency in this stage. Stage II, Contagion Information technology applications began to spread in the organisation. The organisation managers began to pay attention to the economic benefits of information systems investment, but the real control does not exist. Stage III, Control The management information system became a formal department to control its internal activities and launched a project management plan and a system development methodology. The current application began to formal, and lay the foundation for the future development of information systems. Stage IV, Integration Organizations began to use databases and telematics technologies to consolidate existing information systems. Which is the stage that previous systems are integrated with the newer systems. Stage V, Data administration The organization begins to examine and evaluate the various costs and benefits of information system construction, and analyzes and resolves issues of balance and coordination in all areas of information systems investment. Stage VI, Maturity At this stage, the information system can meet the needs of enterprises at all levels. the enterprise will integrate the management process together with the internal and external resources, thus enhancing the competitiveness and development potential of the enterprise. B) Apply Nolans Stage of Growth Model (1973) in Cisco case In this essay, I will discuss the Cisco case by using Nolan model stage by stage and show how Cisco was following the Nolan model during the system develop process. Moreover, discuss about the problem when Cisco tried to process to the next stage. For the Cisco case, I will focus on the first version of Nolans Stage of Growth Model (1973) as the essay question require, which is only consider four stages, Initiation, Contagion, Control and Integration stages. Moreover, the fifth stage will be discussed which because it may appropriate in the Cisco case, which is Data administration stage. I will not discuss about the sixth stage. In my view, Cisco had not process to the sixth stage form the case study(2004). Cisco is one of the example can be explain by Nolans Stages of Growth Model. Nolans (1973) stages of growth model framework is appropriate in the Cisco development process because they are similar which Cisco development process is also following the stage that mention in Nolans model. The model summarises the experiences and law of development of management information systems. It is generally assumed that the phases in the model are not jumpable, because the organization needs some experience before preparing for the next phase of work. The development process in Cisco is almost same as the Nolans model. its basic idea for the construction of management information system is instructive. In-depth understanding of Nolan model may help organisations more effectively manage the process. Although these phases contain some natural growth processes, these growth processes can be effectively coordinated and managed, so that each stage represents a change in the order of planning and manag ement. The first two stages: Initiation and Contagion Cisco was already experience first two stage before Peter Solvik joined Cisco as its CIO in 1993.1984, Cisco Systems was founded in the United States, the founders are two computer scientists from Stanford University. Computer was introduced when the company was founded. Computer is a necessary equipment for the company because the products and computer are complement in the production line. However, there were only a few individuals can use the computer, for example, the two computer scientist founders. After the expansion of Cisco, Enterprises had a certain understanding of the computer. They would like to use computers to solve problems at work, such as more data processing, management and business to bring convenience. Thus, the application began to increase demand, IT applications began to generate interest in enterprises, and the development of software enthusiasm, investment began to increase significantly. It is easy to blindly purchase, blind development of custom software p henomenon, the lack of planning and planning, so the application level is not high, the overall effectiveness of IT cannot be highlighted as Nolan (1974) has been discussed on his paper. Until Peter Solvik joined Cisco, he recognized the problem from the second stage(Contagion), such as data redundancy, data inconsistency, and the date was hard to share. Business managers realized that the use of computers applications was out of control, IT investment growth was fast, but the benefits were not satisfactory. He tried to begin to control the overall development of computer systems, such as the reorganize the IT budget planning, replaced committee and change the reporting relationship. However, Cisco was still stunning in the beginning of the third stage. The third stage: Control Boston joined Cisco as a new CIO after Solvik left in 2001. He finds that there is an ineffectiveness investment on the customized tools. There were nine different tools to access the customer order which create multiple data and different definition on explanation with the order. He thought the conflicts and redundancies is occur because there were not centralized team checking for the company systems which lead to a rise of unnecessary tools. As Nolan (1974) discuss, for the need to control the cost of data processing, managers began to convene users from different sectors of the Committee, to jointly plan the development of information systems. The management information system became a formal department to control its internal activities and launched a project management plan and a system development methodology. The current application began to formal, and lay the foundation for the future development of information systems. In the Cisco case, Boston stopped the investment of th e new tools applications and upgraded its ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system, solving the reporting and intelligence problem and developing its customer database. The fourth stage: Integration Boston also focused on funding IT project. It makes the company process to the fourth stage, which is Integration stage. Organizations from the management of computer management information resources. From the first stage to the third stage, usually a lot of independent entities. Based on control, enterprises began to re-planning and design, the establishment of basic database, and build a unified information management system. Enterprise IT construction began by the scattered and single-point development into a system. At this point, corporate executives began unified different enterprise IT organizations systems into a single system for management. People, financial, material and other resources can be integrated in the enterprise sharing, lead to more effective use of existing IT systems and resources. Nolan recognized such integration costs will be higher, longer, and the system is more unstable. However, Cisco did not in the case. Boston encouraged his team being carefully in th e enterprise project, tried to reduce the multiple data and different definitions of the order problem to avoid the future large scale of cleanups. It was because it will increase the unnecessary spending if it is useless. The fifth stage: Data administration In this stage, the organization began a comprehensive study and evaluation of the various costs and benefits of information system construction. The challenges had occurred in Cisco, the process of funding budget in a pool from different groups across the world is complex. It is hard to show the benefit of the new enterprise project to every group. Boston started to consider about the communication between the group on order to increase efficacy when starting a new project. This stage, enterprises began to select a unified database platform, data management system and information management platform, unified data management and use of various departments, the basic realization of the system integration of resources, information sharing. IT system planning and resource utilization more efficient. Conclusion Nolan stage model summarizes the experiences and rules of management information system development, and its basic idea has guiding significance for the construction of management information system.it can be apply in the Cisco case. Nolans (1973) stages of growth model framework is appropriate in the Cisco development process because they are similar which Cisco development process is also following the stage that mention in Nolans model. Cisco was experience from the first stage when it has been founded in 1984 and continue to the fifth stage in 2004. (1451 words) Bibliography Andrew Mcafee, F. Warren Mcfarlan, Alison Berkley wagonfeld (2004) ,Enterprise IT at Cisco. Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163. Nonna, Richard. Managing The Crisis In Data Processing. Harvard Business Review. 57 (2): 115-126. Nolan, Richard (1973). Managing The Computer Resource: A Stage Hypothesis. Communications of the ACM. 16 (4): 399-405

Macbeth As A Tragedy According To Aristotles Definition :: essays research papers

While the genre of some works of literature can be debated, Macbeth written by William Shakespeare seems to fit into a perfect mold. Aristotle’s definition of a tragedy, combining seven elements that he believes make the genre of a work a tragedy, is that mold. Displaying all seven aspects, Macbeth fits the definition precisely. Key elements in the play substantiate the fact that Macbeth is a serious story, the first elements of Aristotle’s definition. From the first lines of the play, the mood is set featuring witches whom speak of witchcraft, potions and apparitions. Not only do the three witches aid in making this a serious story but also, they appealed to Elizabethans whom at the time believed in such supernatural phenomena. War for centuries has represented killing and feuding, thus, the war taking place between Scotland and Norway provided a dark component. The Thane of Cawdor’s rapidly approaching execution due to his deceiving the king also plays a role in this grim work. Murder throughout all of Macbeth is an essential aspect when dealing with the seriousness of the play. From the beginning, Lady Macbeth urges Macbeth to do anything to overthrow King Duncan, whom is the king of Scotland, the role Macbeth desperately yearns for. During the excursion to become king, Macbeth successfully murders King Duncan, Macduff’s wife and children, and with the help of a group of murderers Banquo; a brave general who will inherit the Scottish throne. Through the whole play, while such dank occurrences are used to create deep mood, Shakespeare also uses strong language and words. Such as when Lady Macbeth calls upon the gods to make her man-like so she will have the fortitude to kill King Duncan herself in this quote, â€Å"Come you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here†¦ Make my blood thick†¦ Come, thick night, and pall thee in the dunest smoke of hell, that my keen knife see not the wound it makes, nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark.† This type of language provokes thoughts of death, blood and darkness though the imagery such dank words create. The play also follows through with its theme of blood by in the end of the play, having both of its lead characters die. Lady Macbeth, distraught by guilt over the bloodshed, commits su icide while Macbeth is murdered and beheaded by Macduff, a Scottish noblemen.

Operational Budget

A budget is a formal plan that estimates the plausible expenditures and income for an organization over a certain amount of time. Seeing that budgets are such a valuable tool for planning and having a control of a company’s finances, budgeting affects nearly every type of organization. Typically a small business contributes in budgeting to determine the most efficient and effective approach making money and increasing its asset base.A financial plan can help a company use its restricted finances in a way that best utilizes existing business opportunities. An operational budget involves the development of monetary tactics for the organization, generally for a year. Though annual budgets need not be subdivided into shorter terms, monthly and/or quarterly budgets are particularly constructive for foreseeing cash needs and for evaluating actual knowledge with plan.An extensive master budget entails planning for all stages of the operation: sales, marketing, manufacturing, engineer ing and general administration. â€Å"Once a budget has been established comparisons may be made with actual results and variances analyzed, budgetary control. Flexible budgetary techniques may also be used to update figures or test alternative courses of action. The advantages and disadvantages of an operating budget are: Advantages| Disadvantages| | |Commitment and motivation of managers| The time taken and the cost of this time| Looks at alternatives| May be unexpected events that affect later results| Sets targets and standards| Information must remain confidential| If predicted volumes change, new sales and costs can be predicted using flexible budget techniques| Managers may treat cost budgets as separate from revenues, and hence over-spend if revenues are not achieved| Looks forward and considers both internal and external factors| | In order to be successful, operating budgets are prepared by departmental managers using the Uniform System of Accounts for the Lodging Industr y or similar to give detailed figures for all volumes, sales, costs and hence profits or costs. † (BURGESS, 2009) These may exist by month and could be determined by day for the entire financial year. The three main steps in contributing towards accomplishing a successful operating budget are: planning for achievable target and objectives, comparing the actual numbers to the budget and evaluating to differences, and taking corrective action if necessary. The key pecuniary relation between a strategic plan and an operational plan is the establishment of a departmental financial plan.The strategic plan gives a budget approximation that is based on anticipated revenue. ‘The operational plan provides a more precise number that can be used to measure the success of a strategic plan. If the operational budget is more than the strategic plan provides for, then the company needs to exert more effort to bring the two numbers more in line. † (Rosemary Peavler, 2012) Budgets are a valuable instrument for businesses to use to help evaluate the performance of their firm at the end of the time period that the budget covers. Businesses should look at actual expenses, for instance, compared to budgeted, or planned, expenditures.By doing this, the business can see how much actual expenses assorted from intended expenses in order to improve the budgeting process in the next time period. Businesses also use budgets for the idea of control. If businesses have a master budget to track, then they can carefully manage expenditures during the time period of the budget by evaluating them to the master budget. Budgets help avoid overspending. The budget also gives the company a target to use by which to evaluate the firm. Not only can expenditures be monitored, but so can income inputs. Some disadvantages of budgeting are staff time devoted to budgets bears a potential opportunity cost.The time these workers give to the budgeting process means they are not accessible to accomplish other tasks and responsibilities. There are Errors and imprecision that will always remain since it is unfeasible to forecast the future. There are major external events, such as, rising energy prices or the worldwide recession that may disfigure the whole process. Budgets also involve and affect people therefore they could be basis for conflict since there may be complicated decisions over where restricted funds are spent. Some departments with tight budgets could feel constrained. Therefore, this will carry the risk of frustrating initiative and enterprise.

SAT Subject Test Dates 2019 When Should You Take Them

SAT Subject Test Dates 2019 When Should You Take Them SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips When are you planning to take the SAT Subject Tests? If you answered, "I don't know," you're not alone! It's hard to know when the best time is to fit in the Subject Tests with the general SAT, your schoolwork, and everything else you've got going on. Let's take a look at when the SAT Subject Tests are offered in 2019 and when the best dates are for you to take them. As long as you have a plan, you'll be able to balance these tests with all the other things you're up to in your busy life. When Are the SAT SubjectTests Offered? SAT Subject Tests are offered six times a year in the following months: August October November December May June These are the same dates as the general SAT, except for one date in March when SAT Subject Tests are not offered but the general SAT is. The Literature, Science, US History, and Math SAT Subject Tests are offered on all test dates. The language tests and World History test, however, are only offered on some of the dates. This chart breaks down the SAT Subject Test schedule for 2019: May 4th June 1st Aug 24th Oct 5th Nov 2nd Dec 7th Literature âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” Biology E/M âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” Chemistry âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” Physics âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” US History âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” World History âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” Math Level 1 âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” Math Level 2 âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” French âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” German âÅ"” Spanish âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” âÅ"” Modern Hebrew âÅ"” Italian âÅ"” Latin âÅ"” âÅ"” French with Listening âÅ"” German with Listening âÅ"” Spanish with Listening âÅ"” Chinese with Listening âÅ"” Japanese with Listening âÅ"” Korean with Listening âÅ"” Source: The College Board Since there are several subject tests offered on one date, can you take more than one at the same time? Here are the basic rules and conditions: You can take up to three subject tests on the same date.But there are two caveats: You can only take one Listening test per date. Listening tests are always given in the first hour. You can only take one Biology (E or M) test per date; you can't take both on the same date. You may change the test you are taking on test day, unless it's a Listening test. You cannot take a Subject Test on the same date that you take the general SAT. Keeping these conditions in mind, let's talk about popular dates for test takers. When Should You Take SAT Subject Tests? 4 Factors You need to integrate SAT Subject Test Dates with your SAT/ACT, AP exams, and extracurriculars. So what are the best test dates for you to take one? Here are four key factors to consider: #1: Popular Test Dates May and June are popular times to take the SAT Subject Tests. Since each Subject Test requires knowledge of a particular subject, the best time to take one is usually at the end of the school year so that you've alreadystudied that subject. If you're focusing extra attention on that subject for final exams or AP tests, all the better! Your studying can kill two birds with one stone as you prepare for both tests. #2: Content Readiness The SAT Subject Tests are your chance to show subject mastery, whether it's a subject you've taken in school or one that you've learned a lot about on your own. Since these tests align with a subject rather than a grade level, you don't have to wait until your junior year to take one. Instead, you should take them when the content is still fresh and ready in your mind. You might be able to get an excellent score on the Biology Subject Test, for example, after your 9th grade biology class. By familiarizing yourself with the content that's covered on each test, you'll have a sense of when you'll be best prepared to take it. The language tests require a lot of knowledge- at least two or three years of intensive study. Since many fluent or native speakers take the language tests, you should only opt for these if you feel extremely ready. Note thatit is more difficult to score in a high percentile on these tests. #3: Time for Prep As mentioned above, a lot of students benefit from taking the SAT Subject Test as close as possible to a final exam or AP test in the same subject. With all your studying, you'll be fully immersed in the subject matter. Plus, you can join forces with other students in your class. Study groups can be a powerful way to share knowledge,stay motivated, and make sure you're asking the right questions. #4: Balance With Other Tests If you're taking the SAT or ACT in addition to one or more Subject Tests, you have to consider how to balance these tests and the studying you'll put toward them.Since you'll likely want to take the SAT/ACT more than once, be sure to leave available dates for a second or third attempt. One possible testing schedule could look like this: Sample Testing Schedule Junior Year October: Take the PSATMarch: Take the SAT for the first timeMay: Take the SAT Subject Tests and AP Exams, as well as school finalsJune: Take the SAT for the second time Senior Year October or November: Take the SAT for the third time.As you saw in the chart above, some of the Language tests are usually only offered in November,so keep this in mind if you're taking one of those. If you're taking the ACT, you could take it in February, April, June, and/or July of your junior year, and again in September or October of your senior year. Remember, you don't have to wait until junior year to take the SAT Subject Tests, but it's usually best totake them in May or June so that they coincide with the end of an academic course in whatever subject is relevant to your test. You can also take the Subject Tests again in the fall of your senior year.While these dates might be too late for early action deadlines, they should be in time for regular decision deadlines. The only downside with waiting until the fall of your senior year is that you won't know your SAT Subject Test scores until your college list has already been mostly finalized. Key Takeaways: When to Take SAT Subject Tests Figuring out a schedule and getting your SAT Subject Tests finished in advance of college deadlines is beneficial for your applications and personal stress levels. By knowing your deadlines and creating a flexible study schedule, you'll be able to figure out the best time you can take the test as well as when you'll get your score from it. Your Subject Test dates shouldn't be a random decision; rather, they should be made deliberately, based on your content readiness, the time you need to prep, and how much balance you'll need as you also study for the general SAT/ACT. What's Next? Now that you know all the upcoming SAT Subject Test dates, it's time to learn more about all the subjects you can test in. When are you planning to take the SAT or ACT? Learn about the best test dates for taking these important tests. Did you know that some colleges have test-flexible policies that allow you to send SAT Subject Test scores in place of the general SAT? Check out the full list of test-optional and test-flexible colleges here. Need a little extra help prepping for your Subject Tests? We have the industry's leading SAT Subject Test prep programs (for all non-language Subject Tests). Built by Harvard grads and SAT Subject Test full or 99th %ile scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Learn more about our Subject Test products below: